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What Is a Cover Letter?

Understanding cover letters, types of cover letters, how to write a cover letter, tips for writing a cover letter.

  • Cover Letter FAQs

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What Is a Cover Letter? Types and How To Write One

your cover letter meaning

A cover letter is a written document commonly submitted with a job application outlining the applicant's credentials and interest in the open position. Since a cover letter is often one of only two documents sent to a potential employer, a well- or poorly-written letter can impact whether the applicant is called for an interview .

Key Takeaways

  • A cover letter is commonly submitted with a job application explaining the applicant's credentials and interest in the position.
  • A good cover letter complements the resume and explains why the candidate is the ideal person for the job.
  • Common cover letter mistakes can sink a job applicant.

Investopedia / Joules Garcia

Most job postings are done online and no longer require a physical application. Instead, applicants send companies a copy of their resume along with a cover letter either by email or with a hard copy through the mail. A resume offers a glimpse into the professional and academic experience of a potential employee. The cover letter, on the other hand, acts as an introduction written by the candidate to express their interest in the position and what makes them the best fit for the job.

A good cover letter complements a resume by expanding on items relevant to the job. In essence, it's a sales pitch that describes why the applicant is the best person for the position. Career experts advise job seekers to spend time customizing each cover letter for the particular position, rather than using a generic missive. Although this requires extra effort, it can be very helpful in allowing an applicant to stand out above the competition.

The cover letter provides information to the employer about who the candidate is as a professional and as a person. This includes their areas of interest, professional goals, knowledge, skills they've gained over the years, achievements, passions, and aspirations. The cover letter should be a one-page document that provides a clear and concise idea about why the candidate is the best person for the job . It should also highlight the cultural fit.

While there is no set template for a cover letter, the type of letter that you write will depend on the requirements of each individual company or employer. The information that is included in a cover letter will vary depending on the goals and purpose of your application.

  • An application cover letter is the most familiar type of cover letter. This is generally written in response to a vacancy that is posted on a company's website or a job board. In addition to answering any specific questions posted in the job ad, it may also highlight any experience or skills that are suitable for the position.
  • A referral cover letter is similar to an application letter, but it includes the name of a colleague or employee who recommended the applicant for the open position. A strong referral can help you stand out against other applicants.
  • A prospecting cover letter , also known as a letter of interest, is written by a job seeker and addressed to a company where they would like to work. However, it is not aimed at a specific role or vacancy. Instead, this type of letter inquires about open positions in general and may highlight any special skills that make the writer suitable for the company.

When employers post a job ad that requires a cover letter, they may specify certain requirements for the cover letter to address. For example, they may require applicants to answer certain questions, or to respect a certain word limit. It is important to follow these requirements, as they reflect on the applicant's ability to understand and follow directions.

If the employer does not set any expectations, a typical cover letter should be about a page or less, and may include a formal greeting, contact information, and links to the applicant's portfolio or work. It should highlight any special skills, and explain why you would be a good fit for the position. This is your chance to impress the employer: Even if your resume does not have everything an employer wants, a well-written cover letter can make the applicant stand out from the crowd.

However, it is possible to include too much information. Most employers will simply glance at the majority of their cover letters, and a long-winded essay might end up at the bottom of the pile. A few short paragraphs explaining your skills, and why you chose that specific employer, should be enough to put your best foot forward.

Writing a cover letter doesn't have to be tedious—even though it may seem like it's a chore. Here are a few simple tips you may want to consider when composing your cover letter:

  • Personalize your letter for each role. Never use a generic cover letter. This means you have to write a new one for each position. Be sure to include your strengths and skills, and explain why you’re the perfect candidate.
  • Include contact information. If the posting doesn't include the hiring manager's name, call the company , or check its website. Including this person's name gives your letter a proper greeting and also shows you have initiative. And don't forget to add your contact information, too. This is important if your resume gets separated from your cover letter.
  • Simplify your letter. Communicate clearly and concisely. Using complex words and sentences would most certainly fail to convey your intentions with the company and the person reading the letter probably won't bother with the rest of your application.
  • Be specific when needed. Don't rehash your resume, so be sure to quantify your accomplishments. For instance, expand on your marketing experience in your cover letter by saying you brought in 200 additional clients each month and increased revenue to $10,000. This can set you apart from candidates with vague personal details.
  • Proofread. After you’ve written the letter, go over it a few times to ensure there are no errors. Then ask someone else to do a once-over and recommend any changes you may need to make.

A simple, focused cover letter without any typos or grammatical errors will get you noticed by potential employers.

A perfect resume can often be sabotaged by a poorly thought-out cover letter or one that is laden with mistakes. Whether you include the letter as per required submission guidelines, or you simply want to emphasize your interest in the job, make sure you avoid making these blunders.

  • Names matter. This includes the name of the hiring manager, the company, and yes, even yours. Make sure you have the right names and the correct spelling. And don't forget to change the names if you're using the same cover letter for multiple jobs.
  • Restating your resume. Since the cover letter is used to identify your skills and explain how your previous experience is applicable to the desired position, don't restate the stuff on your resume. Remember, the cover letter should complement your resume, not just summarize it.
  • Keep your letter tight. Recruiters often go through hundreds of applications and don't have time to read through a three-page missive. The absolute maximum length for a cover letter should be one page, with a few concise paragraphs.
  • Omit unnecessary details. Stay on topic. There's no need to mention your graphic-design skills if you're applying for an accounting position. It's a good idea to leave out personal things like your IQ, recreational accomplishments, interests, and hobbies. That is unless they relate to the job or company.
  • Avoid sounding arrogant. Ensure your cover letter does not make you appear arrogant . While the cover letter is about you and your accomplishments, find a way of saying "I'm the best" without actually saying it. Avoid overusing words like "I," "me," or "my."
  • Remember that spelling counts. Typos and grammatical errors can show you didn't bother to proofread your own letter. And make sure to be consistent—don't convey a dash with "--" in one place and "—" in another.
  • Design matters : with the proliferation of publishing, design trends, and software, candidates have become creative in making their cover letter stand out from a design perspective. Make sure your cover letter projects your personality in terms of design while remaining professional. That is personal signature and branding.

How Long Should a Cover Letter Be?

According to Indeed , a leading job-seeking site, a typical cover letter should be about three or four paragraphs long and highlight any special experience or achievements that make the applicant exceptionally well-suited to the position.

How Do You Start a Cover Letter?

A cover letter should start with a formal greeting, preferably addressed to the hiring manager. If you do not know who will be reading your cover letter, a generic "to whom it may concern" is an acceptable, albeit old-fashioned, way to address a cover letter. It is also acceptable to address the letter to a title, such as "Dear Hiring Manager," or "Dear Talent Acquisition Team."

What Should a Cover Letter Contain?

An effective cover letter should highlight the applicant's skills, experience, and any achievements that make them a good fit for their prospective employer. It is also a good chance to mention anything that is not included in the resume: For example, if an applicant is drawn to a certain employer because they love a certain product, the cover letter is a great place to mention it. Make sure your cover letter also includes your name and contact information.

In a competitive jobs market, an effective cover letter is one way to make a job application stand out. This is a chance for an applicant to demonstrate why they think they would be a good fit. However, a poorly-written or meandering cover letter can hurt an application more than it helps.

Harvard Extension School. " Resources and Cover Letters: An Extension School Resource ," Pages 3 and 5.

Harvard Extension School. " Resources and Cover Letters: An Extension School Resource ," Page 5.

Jobscan. " Cover Letter Formats ."

Indeed. " What Is a Cover Letter? "

Indeed. " How to Address a Cover Letter (With Examples). "

your cover letter meaning

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How to Write a Cover Letter in 2024 + Examples

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After weeks of heavy job search, you’re almost there!

You’ve perfected your resume. 

You’ve short-listed the coolest jobs you want to apply for.

You’ve even had a friend train you for every single interview question out there.

But then, before you can send your application and call it a day, you remember that the job ad requires a cover letter.

Now you’re stuck wondering how to write a cover letter ...

Don’t panic! We’ve got you covered. Writing a cover letter is a lot simpler than you might think. 

In this guide, we’re going to teach you how to write a cover letter that gets you the job you deserve.

  • What’s a cover letter & why it’s important for your job search
  • How to write a convincing cover letter that gets you the job (step-by-step!)
  • How to perfect your cover letter with the Novoresume free checklist
  • What excellent cover letter examples look like

New to cover letter writing? Give our resumes 101 video a watch before diving into the article!

So, let’s get started with the basics!

What is a Cover Letter? (and Why It’s Important)

A cover letter is a one-page document that you submit as part of your job application (alongside your CV or Resume). 

Its purpose is to introduce you and briefly summarize your professional background. On average, your cover letter should be from 250 to 400 words long .

A good cover letter can spark the HR manager’s interest and get them to read your resume. 

A bad cover letter, on the other hand, might mean that your application is going directly to the paper shredder. So, to make sure this doesn’t happen, it’s essential to know how to write a convincing cover letter.

How does a good cover letter look, you might ask. Well, here’s an example:

how to write cover letter

Keep in mind, though, that a cover letter is a supplement to your resume, not a replacement. Meaning, you don’t just repeat whatever is mentioned in your resume.

If you’re writing a cover letter for the first time, writing all this might seem pretty tough. After all, you’re probably not a professional writer.

The thing is, though, you don’t need to be creative, or even any good at writing. All you have to do is follow a tried-and-tested format:

  • Header - Input contact information
  • Greeting the hiring manager
  • Opening paragraph - Grab the reader’s attention with 2-3 of your top achievements
  • Second paragraph - Explain why you’re the perfect candidate for the job
  • Third paragraph - Explain why you’re a good match for the company
  • Formal closing

Or, here’s what this looks like in practice:

structure of a cover letter

How to Write the Perfect Cover Letter (And Get Hired!)

Now that we’ve got the basics out of the way, we’re going to guide you through the process of writing a cover letter step by step. 

Step #1 - Pick the Right Cover Letter Template

A good cover letter is all about leaving the right first impression.

So, what’s a better way to leave a good impression than a well-formatted, visual template?

cover letter templates

You can simply pick one of our hand-picked cover letter templates , and you’ll be all set in a jiffy!

As a bonus, our AI will even give you suggestions on how to improve your cover letter on the go.

Step #2 - Start the Cover Letter with a Header

As with a resume, it’s important to start your cover letter with a Contact Information section:

contact information on a cover letter

Here, you want to include all essential information, including:

  • Phone Number
  • Name of the hiring manager / their professional title
  • Name of the company you’re applying to

In certain cases, you might also consider adding:

  • Social Media Profiles - Any type of profile that’s relevant to your field. Social Profiles on websites like LinkedIn, GitHub (for developers), Medium (for writers), etc.
  • Personal Website - If you have a personal website that somehow adds value to your application, you can mention it. Let’s say you’re a professional writer. In that case, you’d want to link to your blog.

And here’s what you shouldn’t mention in your header:

  • Your Full Address 
  • Unprofessional Email - Make sure your email is presentable. It’s pretty hard for a hiring manager to take you seriously if your email address is “[email protected].” Whenever applying for jobs, stick to the “[first name] + [last name] @ email provider.com” format.

matching resume and cover letter

Step #3 - Greet the Hiring Manager

Once you’ve properly listed your contact information, you need to start writing the cover letter contents.

The first thing to do here is to address the cover letter to the hiring manager .

That’s right, the hiring manager! Not the overly popular “Dear Sir or Madam.” You want to show your future boss that you did your research and are really passionate about working with their team.

No one wants to hire a job seeker who just spams 20+ companies and hopes to get hired in any of them.

So, how do you find out who’s the hiring manager? There are several ways to do this. 

The simplest option is to look up the head of the relevant department on LinkedIn. Let’s say you’re applying for the position of a Communication Specialist at Novoresume. The hiring manager is probably Head of Communications or Chief Communications Office.

So, you do a quick lookup on LinkedIn:

linkedin search cco

And voila! You have your hiring manager.

Or let’s say you’re applying for the position of a server. In that case, you’d be looking for the “restaurant manager.”

If this doesn’t work, you can also check out the “Team” page on the company website; there’s a good chance you’ll at least find the right person there.

Here are several other greetings you could use:

  • Dear [Department] Hiring Manager
  • Dear Hiring Manager
  • To whom it may concern
  • Dear [Department] Team

Step #4 - Write an Attention-Grabbing Introduction

First impressions matter, especially when it comes to your job search.

Recruiters get hundreds, sometimes even thousands, of applications. Chances are, they’re not going to be reading every single cover letter end-to-end.

So, it’s essential to catch their attention from the very first paragraph .

The #1 problem we see with most cover letter opening paragraphs is that they’re usually extremely generic. Most of them look something like this..

  • Hey, my name is Jonathan and I’d like to work as a Sales Manager at XYZ Inc. I’ve worked as a sales manager at MadeUpCompany Inc. for 5+ years, so I believe that I’d be a good fit for the position.

See the issue here? This opening paragraph doesn’t say pretty much anything except the fact that you’ve worked the job before.

Do you know who else has similar work experience? All the other applicants you’re competing with.

Instead, you want to start off with 2-3 of your top achievements to really grab the reader’s attention. Preferably, the achievements should be as relevant as possible to the position.

So now, let’s make our previous example shine:

My name’s Michael and I’d like to help XYZ Inc. hit and exceed their sales goals as a Sales Manager. I’ve worked with Company X, a fin-tech company, for 3+ years. As a Sales Representative, I generated an average of $30,000+ in sales per month (beating the KPIs by around 40%). I believe that my previous industry experience, as well as excellence in sales, makes me the right candidate for the job.

See the difference between the two examples? If you were the hiring manager, which sales manager would you hire, Jonathan or Michael?

Now that we’ve covered the introduction, let’s talk about the body of your cover letter. This part is split into two paragraphs: the first is for explaining why you’re the perfect person for the job, and the latter is for proving that you’re a good fit for the company.

So, let’s get started...

Step #5 - Explain why you’re the perfect person for the job

This is where you show off your professional skills and convince the HR manager that you’re a better fit for the job than all the other applicants.

But first things first - before you even write anything, you need to learn what the most important requirements for the role are. So, open up the job ad and identify which of the responsibilities are the most critical.

For the sake of the example, let’s say you’re applying for the position of a Facebook Advertiser. You scan the job ad and see that the top requirements are:

  • Experience managing a Facebook ad budget of $10,000+ / month
  • Some skills in advertising on other platforms (Google Search + Twitter)
  • Excellent copywriting skills

Now, in this section, you need to discuss how you fulfill these requirements. So, here’s how that would look for our example:

In my previous role as a Facebook Marketing Expert at XYZ Inc. I handled customer acquisition through ads, managing a monthly Facebook ad budget of $20,000+ . As the sole digital marketer at the company, I managed the ad creation & management process end-to-end. Meaning, I created the ad copy , images, picked the targeting, ran optimization trials, and so on.

Other than Facebook advertising, I’ve also delved into other online PPC channels, including:

  • Google Search

Are you a student applying for your first internship? You probably don’t have a lot of work experience to show off in this section. Learn how to write an internship cover letter here.

Step #6 - Explain why you’re a good fit for the company

Once you’ve written the last paragraph, you might be thinking - I’m a shoo-in for the job! What else do I need to write? I’ll just wrap up the cover letter and hit that sweet SEND button.

Well, no. You’re not quite there yet.

The HR manager doesn’t only look at whether you’ll be good at the job or not. They’re looking for someone that’s also a good fit for the company culture.

After all, employees that don’t fit in are bound to quit, sooner or later. This ends up costing the company a ton of money, up to 50% of the employee’s annual salary . 

Meaning, you also need to convince the HR manager that you’re really passionate about working with them.

How do you do this? Well, as a start, you want to do some research about the company. You want to know things like:

  • What’s the company’s business model?
  • What’s the company product or service? Have you used it?
  • What’s the culture like? Will someone micro-manage your work, or will you have autonomy on how you get things done?

So, get to Googling. Chances are, you’ll find all the information you need either on the company website or somewhere around the web.

Then, you need to figure out what you like about the company and turn that into text.

Let’s say, for example, you’re passionate about their product and you like the culture of innovation / independent work in the organization.

You’d write something like:

I’ve personally used the XYZ Smartphone, and I believe that it’s the most innovative tech I’ve used in years. The features such as Made-Up-Feature #1 and Made-Up-Feature #2 were real game changers for the device. 

I really admire how Company XYZ thrives for excellence for all its product lines, creating market-leading tech. As someone that thrives in a self-driven environment, I truly believe that I and Company XYZ will be a great match.

What you don’t want to do here is be super generic for the sake of having something to write. Most job seekers tend to mess this one up. Let’s take a look at a very common example we tend to see (way too often):

I’d love to work for Company XYZ because of its culture of innovation. I believe that since I’m super creative, I’d be a good fit for the company. The company values of integrity and transparency really vibe with me.

See what’s wrong here? The example doesn’t really say anything about the company. “Culture of Innovation” is something most companies claim to have. 

The same goes for “values of integrity and transparency” - the writer just googled what the values for the organization are, and said that they like them.

Any hiring manager that reads this will see through the fluff.

So, make sure to do a lot of research and come up with good reasons why you're applying.

Step #7 - Wrap up with a call to action

Finally, it’s time to finish up your cover letter and write the conclusion.

In the final paragraph, you want to:

  • Wrap up any points you couldn't in the previous paragraphs. Do you have anything left to say? Any other information that could help the hiring manager make their decision? Mention it here.
  • Thank the hiring manager for their time. It never hurts to be courteous, as long as you don’t come off as too needy.
  • Finish the cover letter with a call to action. The very last sentence in your cover letter should be a call to action. You should ask the hiring manager to take some sort of action.

And now, let’s turn this into a practical example:

So to wrap it all up, thanks for looking into my application. I hope I can help Company X make the most out of their Facebook marketing initiatives. I'd love to further discuss how my previous success at XYZ Inc. can help you achieve your facebook marketing goals.

Step #8 - Use the right formal closing

Once you’re done with the final paragraph, all you have to do is write down a formal “goodbye” and you’re good to go.

Feel free to use one of the most popular conclusions to a cover letter:

  • Best Regards,
  • Kind Regards,

And we’re finally done! Before sending off the cover letter, make sure to proofread it with software like Grammarly, or maybe even get a friend to review it for you.

Does your cover letter heading include all essential information?

  • Professional email
  • Relevant Social Media Profiles

Do you address the right person? I.e. hiring manager in the company / your future direct supervisor

Does your introductory paragraph grab the reader's attention?

  • Did you mention 2-3 of your top achievements?
  • Did you use numbers and facts to back up your experience?

Do you successfully convey that you’re the right pro for the job?

  • Did you identify the core requirements?
  • Did you successfully convey how your experiences help you fit the requirements perfectly?

Do you convince the hiring manager that you’re passionate about the company you’re applying to?

  • Did you identify the top 3 things that you like about the company?
  • Did you avoid generic reasons for explaining your interest in the company?

Did you finalize the conclusion with a call to action?

Did you use the right formal closure for the cover letter?

5+ Cover Letter Examples

Need some inspiration? Read on to learn about some of the best cover letter examples we’ve seen (for different fields).

College Student Cover Letter Example

college or student cover letter example

Middle Management Cover Letter Example

Middle Management Cover Letter

Career Change Cover Letter Example

Career Change Cover Letter

Management Cover Letter Example

Management Cover Letter Example

Senior Executive Cover Letter Example

Senior Executive Cover Letter Example

Want to discover more examples AND learn what makes them stand out? Check out our guide to cover letter examples .

Next Steps in Your Job Search - Creating a Killer Resume

Your cover letter is only as good as your resume. If either one is weak, your entire application is for naught. 

After all, a cover letter is just an introduction. Imagine going through all this effort to leave an amazing first impression, but flopping at the end because of a mediocre resume.

...But don’t you worry, we’ve got you covered on that end, too.

If you want to learn more about Resumes & CVs, we have a dedicated FREE guide for that. Check out our complete guide on how to make a resume , as well as how to write a CV - our experts will teach you everything you need to know in order to land your dream job.

Or, if you’re already an expert, just pick one of our resume templates and get started.

resume examples for cover letter

Key Takeaways

Now that we’ve walked you through all the steps of writing a cover letter, let’s summarize everything we’ve learned:

  • A cover letter is a 250 - 400 word document that convinces the hiring manager of your competence
  • A cover letter goes in your job application alongside your resume
  • Your introduction to the cover letter should grab the hiring manager’s attention and keep it all the way until the conclusion
  • There are 2 main topics you need to include in your cover letter: why you’re the perfect candidate for the job & why you’re passionate about working in the company you’re applying to
  • Most of the content of your cover letter should be factual , without any fluff or generalizations

At Novorésumé, we’re committed to helping you get the job you deserve, every step of the way! Follow our blog to stay up to date with the industry-leading advice. Or, check out some of our top guides…

  • How to Write a Motivational Letter
  • How to Write a Resume with No Work Experience
  • Most Common Interview Questions and Answers

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How and Why to Write a Great Cover Letter

Student working in career planning guide

A cover letter is a one-page business letter that you submit when applying to a job, along with your resume. As a piece of persuasive writing, your cover letter will aim to convey to the employer why you’re a great candidate for the role.

What is the purpose of a cover letter?

Your cover letter complements your resume by making it easy for the employer to see how your experience and interest connect to the position. Your goal is to convince the employer to interview you.

With your cover letter, you’ll aim to:

  • Highlight your qualifications:  You’ll show how your skills and experience relate to the employer’s needs for a specific position.
  • Showcase your motivation: You’ll demonstrate your enthusiasm for the specific position and the organization.
  • Reflect your voice and written communication skills: You’ll give the employer a sense of your personality and writing style.

When should I write a cover letter?

Not all jobs require cover letters. So, how do you decide whether to submit one?

Submit a Cover Letter when…

  • The posting explicitly requests that you do so
  • You’re applying to an opportunity at a mission-driven organization
  • You think that doing so could provide important information to the employer that they wouldn’t get from your resume

Consider Submitting a Cover Letter when…

  • It’s marked “optional” in an application, and you have the bandwidth to do so
  • You have content that you can easily recycle or repurpose into a tailored cover letter

No Need to Submit a Cover Letter when…

  • A posting specifically tells you not to submit one
  • There’s no way to submit one in an application portal, and doing so would require a serious workaround

If you’re applying to several similar opportunities, creating a draft cover letter in advance, geared toward that type of opportunity, can be a helpful way to save time in your actual application process.

How do I write a cover letter?

Your cover letter should articulate your qualifications and motivation for the position. Read the job description closely and research the organization. As you craft your cover letter, use examples that demonstrate your relevant skills, knowledge, and interests. The cover letter should be concise, clear, and well-organized.

Before Writing

Research the employer.

Learn enough about the organization to articulate why you are a strong fit for that firm. 

  • Review the firm’s website and LinkedIn page.
  • Speak with current or previous employees.
  • Read articles and social media for current news.

Analyze the job description

Look for skills, duties, and qualifications of the job so you can design your letter to match these as much as possible.

Reflect on your experience and motivation

Identify skills and personal qualities you have developed which will be useful in this role. Ask yourself:

  • What attracts you about this role/company/industry?
  • What have you have done in your work experiences, classes, internships, activities, projects, volunteer work, travel, etc., that is similar to the duties required of the job? 

Cover Letter Structure

As a business letter, the cover letter should include:

  • Heading: Include your name and contact information in the same format as your resume
  • Salutation: Address your letter to the specific individual who can hire you, if this is known. If the name is not included in the job description, address the letter to the Hiring Manager or title mentioned in the job description.
  • Body Paragraphs:  Discuss your experiences, interests, and skills to show the employer how you can add value to their team. See the section below for more guidance.
  • Signature Line: Include a closing and your name.

The cover letter should be one page, about three or four paragraphs, and single spaced. Use 10-12 point font and one inch margins. 

When applying online, upload your cover letter as a PDF file, unless another format is specified. When sending your resume and cover letter by email, you may write a short note or paste your cover letter in the body of your email (without the address header) and also attach the PDF file.

Cover Letter Content

Your cover letter should answer who, what, when, where and why you are applying for the opportunity. 

Introduction

State the position for which you are applying. If you have a referral or spoke with someone from the company, you can mention it in the introduction. Provide some basic information about yourself; this can include your class year and what you’re studying at Columbia. Briefly outline why you’re interested in the organization and what you bring in terms of relevant experience and skills. 

Body Paragraphs

These paragraphs will highlight your qualifications and strengths that are most relevant to the organization and position. Use the job posting and your research as clues to determine what the employer is seeking in a candidate. Have your resume beside you and reflect on what you want the employer to know about you. Are there experiences you want to expand upon that demonstrate your understanding of the role and ability to do the job requirements?

Structure the paragraphs based on relevance, not chronology. Lead with your most relevant skill or strongest experience.

Start each body paragraph with a clear topic sentence.  This can highlight a key skill set, a transferable experience, or a core area of knowledge you’ve built through your studies. Walk the reader through a project or experience, integrating the relevant skills you used and qualities you demonstrated. Provide details about your accomplishments and impact. Connect how these experiences have prepared you for this role and why you are motivated to do this job. There is no need to apologize if you feel you lack experience; focus on the accomplishments that you have.

Recap what you would bring to the organization and your interest in the position. Thank the employer for their consideration. Keep your tone positive and enthusiastic. 

Check out our example of how to structure your cover letter content . 

Editing Tips

Use our  Cover Letter Checklist to make sure your format and content is in line with best practices. 

  • Ensure that the content reflects the requirements in the job description
  • Keep the cover letter concise, at one page or less
  • Correct any errors in grammar, sentence structure, and spelling
  • Use the active voice
  • Avoid beginning too many sentences with “I”

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What is a Cover Letter? Definition, Structure, Purpose, Types & Meaning

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What is a cover letter?

What is the purpose of a cover letter in a job application, what to include in a cover letter, cover letter format and layout, should you use a cover letter template or example, what is a cover letter - takeaways.

Asking yourself, “What is a cover letter?”

In this article, we break down for you the basics about cover letters, their purpose, and what to include in yours.

When you’re applying for a job, a cover letter is just as important as your resume in a lot of ways.  You always want to include a cover letter when you’re submitting your resume, to personalize the facts about your work history and to tailor your application to the job.

But if you haven’t written a cover letter before, it can be intimidating to figure out what to include. Don’t worry, this expert guide boils it all down into a quick read that gives you an overview and points you in the right direction to find everything you need to know about them.

In this post, we’re going to cover:

  • What is a Cover Letter?
  • What is the Purpose of a Cover Letter in a Job Application?
  • What to Include in A Cover Letter

We also describe how you can lay out your cover letter to amp its impact, and we’ve even made it dead simple for you by including some perfect cover letter examples for you to check out.

A cover letter is a one-page document that you include with your resume as part of your application for a job. A good cover letter grabs a Hiring Manager’s attention and gets you to the next step of the hiring process.

While every job you apply for will have either a specific application form or will ask for a resume, not every one will ask for a cover letter.  But you should always include one – it’s a game changer.

The upshot is that a resume is a summary of your work and education experience, while your cover letter adds relevant context to that experience for the specific job.

A cover letter is tailored to a specific job you’re applying for, and it highlights what your qualifications are and how they relate to that role and company. You can use it to give examples of how your experiences relate to the role and show how you’re the best person for the job.

Just as its name implies, a cover letter is written in a letter format, including a greeting, three or four body paragraphs, and a closing. Unlike a resume, your cover letter should be written in full sentences, and you want to use the first-person – “I’m writing to you today to…”.

You don’t want to just rhyme off the same things that are in your resume, though.  Use your cover letter to give real life examples of how your experience, skills, or interests make you perfect for the job.

Head to our full article on the differences between a resume and a cover letter to learn more on this.

Put simply, it’s your chance to make a great first impression. It’s a tool you use to grab a hiring manager’s attention long enough that they look over your resume a bit closer and call you in for an interview.

A cover letter may not be something a job posting asks you to include, but don’t think that means you shouldn’t.  A good cover letter is always a good idea, here’s why:

  • You can tell a story in a cover letter that dives deeper into your qualifications,
  • experience, and interests to show why you’re the best candidate for the job.
  • A lot of candidates skip writing a cover letter, so by including one you immediately put yourself ahead of the competition!
  • You can introduce yourself in a more personalized way and tailor your application specifically for the job.
  • You can add a bit of flair or personality that gets a hiring manager to ask you in for an interview
  • It shows that you put effort into your application, which again, puts you ahead of most of the competition.

This is just a snapshot of how a cover letter can help you. We’ve got a great article for you to look over if you want to know more about the purpose of a cover letter .

Should you send a cover letter for a job?

There is no question, yes, you should absolutely include a cover letter with your application.

We’ve done our homework on this and can tell you: a majority of hiring managers need or expect a cover letter, even if it’s not specified in the job posting.

Not only are they expected, but they’re a great tool for you too:

  • Explain the reasons for any work gaps
  • Clarify how the experience you have from other jobs applies
  • Show how you fit their company culture
  • Let them know why you’re changing jobs or fields

So, while a cover letter may not absolutely be necessary, they’re extremely useful, and always something you should take the time to write and include with your application.

Cover letters should usually include some of the same basic elements. We’ve put together a quick list below, but head over to our complete guide on what to include in your cover letter for a full explanation.

  • A header – This is where you’re going to include all the contact info the hiring manager is going to expect to see.  You want to be sure to give them what theyère looking for.
  • Opening statement – You can get right to it here and make sure this is an attention grabber.  Summarize your skills or experience and give them one good reason why it’s important for the job you’re applying to.
  • Body – This paragraph should give some more details about you personally.  Employers often hire someone for who they are, not what they know; this is your time to show them you’d be a great fit on their team.
  • Closing and Call to Action – You want to close your cover letter with a thanks for the time they’ve taken and a professional sign-off.  You should also let them know you’re eager to hear from them, and let them know to contact you to follow up.

Try to end with a great impression. It’s key that you know how to close your cover letter well to hit all the right notes.

A hiring manager takes about 7.4 seconds to look at each resume that comes across their desk, and there may be hundreds of those. A strong cover letter design can grab their attention long enough for them to set you into the callback pile instead of in the recycling bin.

We’ve put together the details on how you can really grab a recruiter’s attention with your cover letter design , but here’s the basics:

  • Font - Always use a standard, easy-to-read font like Times New Roman or Arial. It should be 12pt or slightly bigger.
  • Heading – Always use a professional format of heading, which includes your name and contact info, the date of writing, and the contact info for the person you’re writing to.
  • Spacing – You want to single space the body of your cover letter, but leave spaces between the heading, the greeting, each paragraph, and your sign-off.
  • Length – We know that it’s tempting to try to fit in as much as possible in the cover letter, but this is definitely a case of less is more.  You want the content to be about half a page, so shoot for between 250-400 words.

Keeping your cover letter lean can be hard the first few times you write one. Check out our article on ideal cover letter length to get more tips on how to hit the sweet spot.

If you’re already a pro, maybe you can go it on your own and write a killer cover letter.  But if this is your first cover letter, or you have any doubts, use our Cover Letter Examples to get some great ideas on how to write and format yours – we’ve got a few samples below.

Our examples cover different industries and positions, so you can fine tune the fit of your letter for exactly the job you’re applying to without trying to reinvent the wheel!  Plus, these are cover letters that work to get interviews, so you can be sure you’ve got a great start.

If you want a real head start, we’ve even got a Cover Letter Templates page where you can head to get all the basics covered for you. Head there, input your specifics, and you’ll have a winning cover letter, easy-peasy.

  • A cover letter is a one-pager you include with a job application to dive deeper into exactly why you are the best fit for the job.
  • You always want to include a cover letter, even if it’s not specified in the job posting.
  • Hiring managers get hundreds of resumes, and they fly through them - your cover letter can and should be designed to grab their attention.
  • Personalize your cover letter and tailor it to the specific job you’re sending it in to, this includes relating specific skills, letting your personality shine, and getting the hiring manager’s name.
  • Make sure it’s in perfect shape to get great results.  Use our Cover Letter Checklist to make sure you’ve covered all the bases and haven’t overlooked any little mistakes that could cost you the job.

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Cover Letter Guide: Meaning, Importance, Template, Examples

Learn everything about cover letter writing & its importance. Find the steps to writing a cover letter with formatting guidelines and examples.

Pansy Thakuria

Pansy Thakuria

Read more posts by this author.

What is a cover letter?

A cover letter is a written document that you send along with your resume or job application. It is used to introduce yourself, explain your qualifications, and express your interest in a job position. Its main goal is to persuade employers to consider you for the job and to highlight why you are a strong candidate.

Why is a cover letter important?

A cover letter is important for several reasons:

1. Introducing you

It introduces you to the employer and provides context for your application, helping them understand who you are and why you're interested in the job.

2. Personalizing your application

It allows you to tailor your application to the specific job and company, demonstrating that you've researched and are genuinely interested.

3. Showcasing skills

You can highlight your skills, qualifications, and experiences that make you a strong fit for the position, providing more detail than a resume alone.

4. Differentiating you

A well-written cover letter sets you apart from other applicants by showing your personality, enthusiasm, and professionalism.

5. Addressing gaps or concerns

If you have gaps in your employment history or other potential concerns, a cover letter gives you an opportunity to address them proactively.

How to write a cover letter? A Guide

Writing an effective cover letter involves several steps. Here's a guide with examples to help you craft a compelling cover letter:

Step 1: Research the Company and Job

Before you start writing, gather information about the company and the job you're applying for. Understand their values, culture, and the specific requirements of the position.

Step 2: Format Your Cover Letter

cover letter format

Use a professional format for your cover letter. Include your contact information, the date, the employer's contact information, a salutation, the body of the letter, and a closing.

[Your Name] [Your Address]

City, State ZIP Code Your Email Address Your Phone Number

[Employer's Name] Company Name Company Address City, State ZIP Code

[Salutation]

Step 3: Write a Strong Opening Paragraph

Begin your cover letter with a concise and engaging introduction. Mention the job you're applying for and briefly state why you're interested in it or how you heard about it.

I am writing to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name], as advertised on [Job Board/Company Website]. With my background in [Relevant Skill/Experience], I am excited to contribute my expertise to your team.

Step 4: Highlight Your Qualifications

In the body of your cover letter, emphasize your qualifications, skills, and experiences that are relevant to the job. Provide specific examples that demonstrate your suitability for the position.

During my previous role as a [Previous Job Title] at [Previous Company], I [Achievement or Task]. This experience equipped me with strong [Relevant Skill] and a track record of [Result/Outcome], which I believe aligns well with the requirements of the [Job Title] position.

Step 5: Show Company Fit

Explain why you are a good fit for the company. Mention the company's values, mission, or recent achievements and explain how your values and skills align with theirs.

I am particularly drawn to [Company Name]'s commitment to [Company Value] and its innovative approach to [Industry/Field]. My passion for [Relevant Interest] closely mirrors your company's dedication to [Company Value].

Step 6: Address Any Concerns or Gaps

If you have any gaps in your resume or other concerns, address them briefly and positively. Explain how you've used that time for personal or professional growth.

While there was a gap in my employment due to [Reason for Gap], I used that time to [Explain Positive Activities or Learning]. This experience has further strengthened my [Relevant Skill] and my dedication to [Industry/Field].

Step 7: Express Enthusiasm and Closing

In your closing paragraph, reiterate your enthusiasm for the position and express your desire for an interview. Thank the employer for their time and consideration.

I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to contribute to [Company Name]'s success and would welcome the chance to discuss how my skills and experiences align with your needs in more detail. Thank you for considering my application, and I look forward to possibly interviewing with you.

Step 8: Sign Off Professionally

Use a professional sign-off, such as "Sincerely," followed by your name.

Sincerely, [Your Full Name]

Step 9: Proofread and Edit

Thoroughly proofread your cover letter for any grammatical or typographical errors. Ensure that it is well-organized and easy to read.

Step 10: Customize for Each Application

Tailor your cover letter for each job application by mentioning specific details from the job posting and aligning your qualifications accordingly.

Remember to keep your cover letter concise (usually one page) and focused on what makes you a strong candidate for the specific job and company you're applying to.

Cover letter templates

Cover letter template for a beginner.

cover letter without experience

[Employer's Name] [Company Name] [Company Address] [City, State ZIP Code]

Dear [Employer's Name],

I am writing to express my interest in the [Job Title] position at [Company Name]. As a recent graduate with a [Your Degree] degree from [Your University], I am eager to start my career and believe that [Company Name] is an ideal place for me to learn and grow.

While I may have limited professional experience, I have gained valuable skills in

  • [Relevant Skill 1]
  • [Relevant Skill 2]
  • [Relevant Skill 3]

during my coursework and internships. I am highly motivated, a quick learner, and enthusiastic about contributing to your team.

I am impressed by [Company Name]'s reputation for [Company Strength/Value] and [Company Achievement]. Your commitment to [Company Value] resonates with me, and I am excited about the opportunity to be part of your organization.

I am eager to discuss how my skills and enthusiasm align with the requirements of the [Job Title] position. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of an interview to explore further how I can contribute to your team.

[Your Full Name]

Cover letter template for experienced professionals

cover letter with experience

Example of a cover letter

Here's a sample cover letter for a job application:

cover letter example

[email protected] (123) 456-7890

November 15, 2023

Ms. Jane Smith HR Manager XYZ Corporation 456 Elm Avenue New York, NY 10002

Dear Ms. Smith,

I am writing to express my strong interest in the Marketing Coordinator position at XYZ Corporation, as advertised on your company website. With a Bachelor's degree in Marketing and two years of experience in digital marketing at ABC Marketing Solutions, I am eager to apply my skills and enthusiasm to contribute to your dynamic team.

During my time at ABC Marketing Solutions, I achieved significant results in digital marketing, including:

  • Managing social media accounts, resulting in a 20% increase in engagement.
  • Executing successful email marketing campaigns, leading to a 15% growth in open rates.
  • Analyzing web traffic data using Google Analytics to optimize online strategies.

I am proficient in using marketing tools such as Hootsuite and Mailchimp, and I have a track record of delivering measurable results.

I am particularly drawn to XYZ Corporation's innovative approach to marketing and your commitment to customer satisfaction. Your recent campaign for the launch of "Product X" greatly impressed me, and I am excited about the opportunity to be part of your creative marketing team.

Enclosed is my resume, which provides further details about my qualifications and achievements. I am eager to discuss how my skills align with the Marketing Coordinator role and how I can contribute to XYZ Corporation's continued success.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of an interview to discuss my potential fit with your team and to learn more about the exciting work at XYZ Corporation.

Sincerely, John Doe

Cover letter for internship

A cover letter for an internship is your chance to connect with potential employers on a personal level. It introduces you, showcases your enthusiasm for the internship, and highlights your relevant skills and experiences.

An internship cover letter is like your opportunity to step into the spotlight and explain why you're not just any applicant but the right fit for the role.

Here’s an example of a cover letter for an internship application:

Cover letter for internship

[Your Email Address] [Your Phone Number] [Date]

I am writing to express my strong interest in the Marketing Internship at ABC Marketing Solutions. Here's why I believe I'm a great fit:

  • Recent marketing graduate with a Bachelor's degree from XYZ University.
  • Solid foundation in market research, digital marketing, and brand management.
  • Experience in developing and executing successful promotional campaigns as a member of the university's marketing club.
  • Drawn to ABC Marketing Solutions' innovative marketing approach and commitment to excellence.
  • Impressed by your recent campaign for [Company Campaign/Initiative].

Enclosed is my resume with further details. I look forward to discussing how I can contribute to your team. Please reach me at [Your Phone Number] or [Your Email Address].

Cover letter formatting guidelines

The following formatting guidelines will help ensure that your cover letter is professional, easy to read, and compatible with both human readers and ATS software.

  • Use a simple and professional font like Arial, Calibri, or Verdana.
  • Avoid fancy or decorative fonts.
  • Stick to a 10 or 12 font size for readability, matching your resume font.
  • Keep your cover letter single-spaced.
  • Add a space between each section (contact info, salutation, opening, middle, closing).
  • Avoid indenting paragraphs.
  • Aim for a one-page cover letter with three paragraphs.
  • Only add an extra middle paragraph if absolutely necessary.

Margins and Alignment

  • Left-align your text.
  • Use standard 1-inch margins on all sides.
  • Avoid making margins smaller than ½" to maintain readability.

File Format

  • Save your document as .doc or PDF for compatibility with applicant tracking systems (ATS).
  • Rename your file to something specific, e.g., First Name-Last Name-Cover-Letter.doc.

Complimentary Close and Signature

Choose a friendly yet formal closing, such as:

  • Respectfully

Avoid overly casual or affectionate closings.

Handwrite your signature and full name if providing a hard copy of your cover letter.

Key Takeaways

The art of crafting a compelling cover letter is essential for a successful job application. By understanding its purpose, following a structured approach, and customizing content, you can effectively showcase your qualifications and enthusiasm to potential employers.

Remember these 10 key points:

  • Conciseness is Key : Keep it focused and clear, avoiding unnecessary details.
  • Quantify Impact : Use numbers to showcase achievements and contributions.
  • Avoid Repetition : Dive deeper into specific experiences; don't repeat your resume.
  • Use Keywords : Incorporate relevant job description keywords for ATS.
  • Show Genuine Interest : Demonstrate enthusiasm for the company and role.
  • Thorough Proofreading : Eliminate typos and errors to enhance credibility.
  • Follow Instructions : Adhere to specific job posting requirements.
  • Utilize Networking : Mention mutual connections to strengthen your application.
  • Customize Tone : Adjust tone based on the industry and company culture.
  • Follow-up : Send a polite follow-up email to express continued interest if needed.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How long should a cover letter be.

A good cover letter is half to one page in length, containing about 250 to 400 words divided into three to six paragraphs. This word count range balances providing enough information to engage readers and maintain their interest. It ensures you effectively convey your qualifications and enthusiasm for the job while respecting the employer's time and attention.

How do you address a cover letter?

Address a cover letter using a specific name, like " Dear Mr. Smith " or " Dear Ms. Doe. " If you're unsure of the recipient's name, you can use a generic salutation such as " Dear Hiring Manager " or " To Whom It May Concern ." Avoid overly casual or generic terms, and always strive for a professional and respectful tone in your cover letter salutation.

Who to address in a cover letter if unknown?

Address the cover letter as “ Dear Hiring Manager ” when a specific name is unavailable. It's a more favorable alternative to omitting a salutation altogether, as it demonstrates adherence to professional etiquette and respect for cultural norms.

How to start a cover letter?

Here are 7 ways to start a cover letter:

  • Convey enthusiasm for the company.
  • Highlight a mutual connection.
  • Lead with an impressive accomplishment.
  • Bring up something newsworthy.
  • Express passion for what you do.
  • Tell a creative story (if appropriate).
  • Start with a belief statement that aligns with the organization's values and goals.

What to include in a cover letter?

Here’s the list of things you must include in your cover letter:

  • Your and the recipient’s address
  • Contact information
  • Your qualifications
  • Your skills and experience
  • Why you’re interested in joining the company
  • Closing statement

What is the purpose of a cover letter?

The purpose of a cover letter is to introduce yourself, highlight your qualifications, and express your interest in a job position. It aims to persuade employers to consider you for the job by showcasing your suitability and enthusiasm.

How to end a cover letter?

Show appreciation by expressing your thanks (Say ‘ Thank You ’) for the recipient's time and consideration, and conclude your cover letter with a professional closing salutation like:

  • Kind regards
  • With best regards
  • Most sincerely
  • Respectfully yours

Pansy Thakuria

This article has been written by Pansy Thakuria . She works as a Content Marketing Specialist at Vantage Lens . Her areas of interest include marketing, mental well-being, travel, and digital tech. When she’s not writing, she’s usually planning trips to remote locations and stalking animals on social media.

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  • Resume and Cover Letter
  • How to Tailor Your Cover...

How to Tailor Your Cover Letter for Each Job Application

7 min read · Updated on December 16, 2021

M.A. Smith

Create a customized cover letter that introduces you as the best candidate right off the bat.

Every year, businesses spend billions on brand identity and image. Corporate CEOs want the public to identify their business' brand with little to no effort. This means spending countless hours creating marketing materials to spread the company's vision, mission and reputation online and in print. Similarly, individuals must invest in their own brand identity to be successful in their professional lives.

Creating your best image and personal brand starts with the cover letter. The cover letter is the “door-opener,” “conversation-starter” and the first impression for hiring managers. When career counselors discuss the famous elevator pitch , they are referring to your cover letter. It's not the resume, interview, or job application recruiters scrutinize first; recruiters look to cover letters for a basic understanding and “feel” for potential candidates.

Though most job seekers understand the importance of personal cover letters and spend countless hours writing creative sentences and including their most valuable assets, they rarely consider tailoring their cover letter to fit the actual job. Inserting bland material aimed at all jobs will reduce your chances of landing the interview. On the other hand, crafting a customized, tailored cover letter and connecting the dots shows the recruiter how your experience and skills are best suited for their needs.

Here are a few strategies designed to help tailor a customized cover letter, without overwhelming your job hunting.

Start with relevant skills and abilities

Hiring managers look for candidates who fit their needs. Include skills on your resume that mirror the assets the company is seeking in an employee. Compare your resume to the company's job description . But steer clear of bland descriptions or copy-and-pasting. Focus on your notable contributions and major attributes.

“As a senior marketing manager with more than 15 years' experience creating campaigns and strategies to promote brand identity, I am able to ______. Some of my most recent accomplishments include:

Increased web traffic by 150% by analyzing current online trends, aligning company standards and strategies to match those trends and developing promotional products to draw traffic.

Won $15 million Fortune 500 contract by promoting company's brand and product, analyzing competition and aligning sales goals to match current market trends.

Awarded PRSA's “Top Company Newsletter” by redesigning publication, focusing on the information desired by the audience, utilizing graphics and images, including C-Level biographies and reducing overhead.

Names matter

Name dropping may be a dangerous pastime if you don't follow the rules carefully. But people do love reading their names in print. One area to include a name is the recipient's address and salutation. If the application or job description identifies a specific person to contact, be sure to address your cover letter and other application materials to that person. Even if the job post doesn't include an actual person, try to avoid using “To whom it may concern,” “Dear Sir or Ma'am” or “Dear Hiring Manager.” These are dry and very impersonal. Call the company and ask for the contact person, do some digging on LinkedIn, or ask them how they prefer to be addressed.

Mr. John Doe

Hiring Manager

[Company Name]

123 Main Street

Anytown, USA 12345

Dear Mr. Doe:

Sometimes companies have several team members working on applications. In those instances, you may not be able to address the letter to a specific person. These scenarios require a more professional technique. Address the letter to “Dear Hiring Manager:” or the equivalent person for the company. Stay away from gender-specific language (i.e. Sir and Ma'am) as this is dangerous and can cause some hurt feelings. The recipient's address should forego specific names and titles in this case. Use the company's name in place of an actual person.

124 Main Street

Dear Hiring Manager:

Tell them you want the job and why

We all tend to focus on our accomplishments and qualities but forget the hiring process isn't about us. Recruiters are looking for people who will benefit the company. In the last paragraph – not the closing paragraph – a customized cover letter should tell the recruiter you want the job and why. Explain this is the company you want to work for and why. Go online and research the company's “About Us” web page. Gather information about the company's mission and vision statements. Learn more about their community engagement. Use this information to connect both the company's and your goals.

“I want to commit long-term to [Company Name] because both our goals align. [Company Name] seeks to promote self-awareness and compassion within the community through its [program name]. Along those same lines, I have…”

Speak their language

Some companies have forgone the “human eyes” approach to reading cover letters. They use advanced software called Applicant Tracking Software (ATS) to weed out undesirable cover letters and resumes. In other words, you have to convince the computer before gaining access to the hiring manager. Go back to the job description and carefully look for keywords. These more likely are listed in the requirements section and include hard skills unique to the position. While resisting the urge to copy-paste the exact description into your cover letter, rewrite the description in your own words, aligning it with your resume and using the keywords.

“As a senior-level graphic designer, my current role entails using Adobe CS (Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator, and Dreamweaver) to create stunning digital and print images. My colleagues have credited my ability to design appealing, trending websites and social media accounts. Additionally, I have advanced knowledge of video editing using FinalCut.”

Don't forget the introductory paragraph

All cover letters start with an introduction. A well-written, customized cover letter should include the company's name, position and other identifiers included in the job description. Forego any personal greetings (i.e. “I hope this letter finds you well,” “Hope all is well,” etc.). These personal messages are sloppy and unprofessional. Focus your intro paragraph on the topic and outline of the cover letter.

“I am responding to your job advertisement on Monster.com. As a professional project manager, I believe I am a good fit for [Company Name]'s IT Project Manager position. As you will see, my attached resume details more than five years' experience managing technology solutions for competitive companies. My history includes…”

Creating an easy-fill template for cover letters

Customizing your cover letter doesn't mean creating a new cover letter every time you apply for a job. Templates are easy to make and an important time saver. Follow these easy steps to create your template.

Create your overall design. Choose a basic design that is professional and reflects your personality. Don't use colors, off-the-wall fonts or images. Creating a cover letter design just entails designing a header (stationary head) for your cover letter. It should include your name, the job title, and contact information.

Write a specific letter to start. Copy your first cover letter and start with this template. Highlight all tailored information and replace it with brackets “[ ]” for easy identifications. For example, “As a senior-level graphic designer, my current role entails using Adobe CS (Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator, and Dreamweaver) to create stunning digital and print images” can be changed to “As a senior-level graphic designer, my current role entails [tailored information].” Leave all bland, generic information and soft skills as is. This is transferable to all future personal cover letters.

Save as a Word template. To prevent overwriting past saved cover letters, save your document as a template. Once saved, every time you open the file, it creates a new cover letter, exactly as you formatted it. To save a Word file as a template click [File > Save As]. Choose Word Template from the drop-down box and name your file. Some versions of Word have different instructions which you can find in their Help Section .

Recommended Reading

What Is an ATS? How to Write a Resume to Beat the Bots

Don't Apply To a Job With Just Your LinkedIn Profile

Why Do Entry-Level Positions Require Experience? Plus How To Get Around It

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Cambridge Dictionary

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Meaning of cover letter in English

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  • billet-doux
  • chain letter
  • Christmas card
  • correspondence
  • get-well card
  • greetings card
  • poison-pen letter
  • round robin

cover letter | Business English

Examples of cover letter.

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What to Know About Medical Expenses and Your Tax Deductions: The Tax Letter

What you need to know about deducting medical expenses on your tax return.

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Getting the right tax advice and tips is vital in the complex tax world we live in. The Kiplinger Tax Letter helps you stay right on the money with the latest news and forecasts, with insight from our highly experienced team ( Get a free issue of The Kiplinger Tax Letter or subscribe ). You can only get the full array of advice by subscribing to the Tax Letter, but we will regularly feature snippets from it online, and here is one of those samples…

As you’re filling out your 2023 Form 1040 you may ask whether you should itemize on Schedule A or take the standard deduction . Most filers take the standard deduction because it’s higher than their total itemizations. But not all. 

Take people with big medical bills. Itemizers can claim medical expenses not reimbursed by insurance , for themselves, their spouse and dependents. The cost must be incurred primarily to alleviate or prevent a physical or mental disability or illness. But there is a floor. Medical expenses are deductible only to the extent the total exceeds 7.5% of your adjusted gross income (AGI). For example, if you itemize, your AGI is $100,000 and your total medical expenses are $9,000, you can deduct only $1,500 of medical expenses on Schedule A ($9,000 - $7,500).

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The list of eligible medical expenses for tax deductions is broader than most people think. It includes:

  • The basics: Such as out-of-pocket payments to doctors, dentists, optometrists and other medical professionals; mental health services; hospital stays; annual physicals; health insurance and Medicare premiums; prescription drugs; insulin; glasses and contact lenses; hearing aids; and dental work, such as braces and root canals.
  • In vitro fertilization: Amounts paid for IVF qualify as medical expenses. 
  • Medical driving: The 2023 standard mileage rate is 22¢ per mile. It's 21¢ per mile in 2024.
  • Treatment for drug use or alcoholism: This cost is considered a medical expense.
  • Health and wellness costs: Among other health and wellness costs that qualify as deductible medicals are smoking cessation programs, nutritional counseling for a doctor-diagnosed disease, weight-loss programs and certain special food to help with the treatment of obesity, hypertension, heart disease or other physical illnesses diagnosed by a physician. 
  • Long-term care costs: If you, your spouse or your dependent requires long-term care you may be able to deduct the unreimbursed costs as medical expenses. Long-term-care expenses include the costs of assisted living, in-home care and nursing home services. The long-term care must be medically necessary for one who is chronically ill. The costs of meals and lodging at an assisted living facility or a nursing home count as medical expenses for people mainly there for medical care. Premiums you pay for a long-term-care policy are deductible medicals, too. But the deduction is capped based on age. The older you are, the greater the write-off. 
  • Certain home improvements to adapt to a disability or illness: For instance, ramps, wide doorways or entrances, railings and wheelchair lifts.
  • The cost of a service dog: Veterinary costs for a service dog to assist the visually impaired and others with physical disabilities are eligible for medical expense deductions. The same is true for the cost of buying and training the dog, plus feeding and grooming. An emotional support animal counts if needed primarily for the owner’s medical care to alleviate a mental disability or illness.
  • COVID-19 personal protective equipment: Masks, hand sanitizers and other supplies bought for the primary purpose of preventing the spread of COVID-19.
  • The cost of a legal abortion: The procedure must be performed in a state where abortion is legal. Transportation costs are deductible. Hotel expenses of up to $50 a night can also be deducted if the abortion is provided by a doctor in a licensed hospital or a medical care facility. You can take up to an additional $50 a night for a traveling companion’s lodging.
  • Genetic testing through DNA ancestry registries: If you use a DNA ancestry for genetic health testing, such as 23andMe , the portion of the DNA collection kit's cost that pertains to genetic testing may be treated as a deductible medical expense.  

Among the costs that do not qualify as deductible medical expenses:

  • Most food, weight loss supplements or low-calorie beverages. 
  • Weight-reduction programs or cosmetic surgery procedures to improve your appearance.
  • Gym membership fees. 
  • Teeth whitening and hair transplants.
  • An elevator installed in your home (it adds value to your house).
  • Over-the-counter medications that are bought without a prescription.
  • Amounts paid for marijuana and other substances that aren't legal under federal law. It doesn't matter whether they are legal under state law.
  • Illegal operations or treatments.
  • Amounts paid to or for a gestational surrogate, including costs to identify and retain the surrogate and the person's medical expenses.

For more details on these and other qualifying and nonqualifying medical expenses, see IRS Publication 502, Medical and Dental Expenses .

This first appeared in The Kiplinger Tax Letter. It helps you navigate the complex world of tax by keeping you up-to-date on new and pending changes in tax laws, providing tips to lower your business and personal taxes, and forecasting what the White House and Congress might do with taxes. Get a free issue of The Kiplinger Tax Letter or subscribe .  

Joy is an experienced CPA and tax attorney with an L.L.M. in Taxation from New York University School of Law. After many years working for big law and accounting firms, Joy saw the light and now puts her education, legal experience and in-depth knowledge of federal tax law to use writing for Kiplinger. She writes and edits  The Kiplinger Tax Letter  and contributes federal tax and retirement stories to  kiplinger.com  and  Kiplinger’s Retirement Report . Her articles have been picked up by the  Washington Post  and other media outlets. Joy has also appeared as a tax expert in newspapers, on television and on radio discussing federal tax developments. 

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  1. What is a Cover Letter? Definition & Examples

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  2. 2019 Cover Letter Examples [+Writing Tips]

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  3. definition application letter and resume cover name meaning

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  4. How to Write a Cover Letter in 2021

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  5. 5+ Best Cover Letter Examples for UK Job Applicants

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  6. Short Cover Letter Examples: How to Write a Short Cover Letter (2022)

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COMMENTS

  1. What Is a Cover Letter? (And What To Include in One)

    A cover letter is a one-page document you send with your resume that provides additional information about skills and experiences related to the job you're pursuing. It typically includes three to four short paragraphs.

  2. What is a Cover Letter? Definition & Examples

    A cover letter is a one-page document included in your job application (along with your resume ). The purpose of a cover letter is to introduce you to an employer, and give them additional information about your qualifications, character, and why you're interested in working for them.

  3. What Is a Cover Letter? Definition, Purpose, and Types

    Your cover letter is your opportunity to make a connection with an employer and leave a positive impression on them, which can increase your likelihood of being called for an interview. Of course, if a listing says a cover letter is required, write a cover letter.

  4. What Is a Cover Letter? Types and How To Write One

    A cover letter is a written document commonly submitted with a job application outlining the applicant's credentials and interest in the open position. Since a cover letter is often one of only...

  5. How to Write a Cover Letter in 2024 + Examples

    A cover letter is a one-page document that you submit as part of your job application (alongside your CV or Resume). Its purpose is to introduce you and briefly summarize your professional background. On average, your cover letter should be from 250 to 400 words long.

  6. How To Format a Cover Letter (With Outline and Examples)

    A cover letter usually is three paragraphs long and outlines why you are applying for a specific position, a brief overview of your professional background and what makes you uniquely qualified for the job. While some employers require a cover letter to apply, others make it optional. Read more: What Is a Cover Letter? Image description

  7. How and Why to Write a Great Cover Letter

    A cover letter is a one-page business letter that you submit when applying to a job, along with your resume. As a piece of persuasive writing, your cover letter will aim to convey to the employer why you're a great candidate for the role. What is the purpose of a cover letter?

  8. Glassdoor Guide: How to Write a Cover Letter

    The cover letter is your first introduction to the person who may hire you, and its goal should be to make you as memorable as possible, in a good way. That means writing a unique cover letter for every job you apply to. No templates. No pre-written nonsense.

  9. How to Write a Cover Letter for a Job in 2024

    1. Learn what a good cover letter looks like Before getting started, it helps to know what a cover letter is and what yours should look like. Here's an example to show you how to make a professional cover letter in 2024: Using a pre-written cover letter outline is a great way to speed up the writing process. Download Cover Letter Example

  10. What Is a Cover Letter for a Job? Purpose & Example

    A cover letter is a document attached to your job application that shows why you're the best candidate. Not everyone expects cover letters, but a significant proportion of employers still do. If you don't include one, you're significantly reducing your chances of finding a job.

  11. What is a Cover Letter? Definition, Structure, Purpose, Types & Meaning

    Definition,... What is a Cover Letter? Definition, Structure, Purpose, Types & Meaning Kevin Roy Sep 8, 2022 • 8 min read TABLE OF CONTENTS What is a cover letter? What is the purpose of a cover letter in a job application? What to include in a cover letter Cover letter format and layout Should you use a cover letter template or example

  12. How to Write a Cover Letter in 2024 + Pro Tips

    Place your name, city, state, ZIP code, phone number and email address in your cover letter heading. Your email address should be professional like "[email protected]," and not personal like "[email protected]." Include links to your LinkedIn profile or professional online portfolio if you have one.

  13. How to Write a Cover Letter

    Here are four tweaks that'll get you on the right track. 1. Connect the Dots. While you should definitely tailor your resume, it doesn't necessarily involve spelling out how your experience relates to the position. Tailoring a cover letter does. That's the main difference for these two documents that both, essentially, describe your ...

  14. How to Write a Cover Letter for Job Applications: Example

    Here's how to write a cover letter for a job application: 1. Start with a Professional Cover Letter Header. Let's start with the basics: your contact information and that of the hiring manager. Cover letters follow the business letter format, which means that those details need to go in the top left corner of the page.

  15. Cover Letter 101: Everything You Need To Know

    A cover letter is a professional document that candidates provide to employers in combination with their resume and other details for a job application. Cover letters act as an extension of your resume and provide employers or hiring managers with more in-depth information about how your qualifications align with the job in question.

  16. Cover Letter Guide: Meaning, Importance, Template, Examples

    A cover letter is a written document that you send along with your resume or job application. It is used to introduce yourself, explain your qualifications, and express your interest in a job position. Its main goal is to persuade employers to consider you for the job and to highlight why you are a strong candidate.

  17. How to write the perfect cover letter (With examples)

    1. Begin by introducing yourself. To start your cover letter, introduce yourself. This means including your full name, your specific interest in the position and the reasons you've chosen to apply. If you got a referral to the job from another party, ensure to mention this in the first paragraph. 2.

  18. How Customize Your Cover Letter for Each Position

    Customizing your cover letter doesn't mean creating a new cover letter every time you apply for a job. Templates are easy to make and an important time saver. Follow these easy steps to create your template. Create your overall design. Choose a basic design that is professional and reflects your personality. Don't use colors, off-the-wall fonts ...

  19. How to Customize a Cover Letter for Each Job

    7. Explain the Benefits of Hiring You. Although you don't want to come across as bragging, your cover letter is not the place to be shy. Your cover letter should clearly explain why the hiring manager should schedule you for an interview. Explain how your work will specifically benefit the company.

  20. Cover Letter Samples and Templates

    Cover Letter Samples. When you're applying for a job, a cover letter lets you show a personal side and demonstrate why hiring you is a smart decision. Cover letters should be around three paragraphs long and include specific examples from your past experience that make you qualified for the position.A cover letter should include the following ...

  21. COVER LETTER

    COVER LETTER definition: 1. a letter that contains information about the thing it is sent with: 2. → covering letter. Learn more.

  22. Medical Expenses and Your Tax Deductions: What to Know

    But there is a floor. Medical expenses are deductible only to the extent the total exceeds 7.5% of your adjusted gross income (AGI). For example, if you itemize, your AGI is $100,000 and your ...

  23. 7 Key Components of an Effective Cover Letter

    A cover letter introduces you to an employer through a personalized explanation of your qualifications and interest in a position. While a resume shares the technical details of your skills and work experience, a cover letter gives insight into your soft skills, attitude and motivations.

  24. Resume vs. Cover Letter: What's the Difference?

    1. Format. Your cover letter is a professional communication structured in full paragraphs, while your resume should have sections with bullet points that convey specific details like dates of employment and job duties. 2. Content. A resume is a broad overview of your educational and career history.