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Citation Styles: A Brief Guide to APA, MLA and Turabian

  • Magazine Articles
  • Journal Articles

Citing Magazine Articles

  • Newspaper Articles
  • Government Publications
  • Other Materials
  • In Text Citations
  • Sample Bibliography: APA
  • Sample Bibliography: MLA
  • Sample Bibliography: Turabian
  • Creating an Annotated Bibliography This link opens in a new window

MAGAZINE ARTICLES

The basic format for citing a magazine article is similar to the journal format. Required information includes author’s name, article title, name of the magazine, date of issue, and inclusive page numbers. Some magazines may include volume numbers. None of the three styles require those for magazines citations. Turabian recommends against citing page numbers for magazine articles since article pagination is often not continuous.

MAGAZINE ARTICLE – ONE AUTHOR

The example is based on an article published in the magazine Food Talk. The article, “Blue Green Algae – It’s a Main Course, It’s a Shampoo, It’s a Floor Wax – What Is This Stuff Anyway? was written by author Mack Roe Biotek and was published in the September 28, 1992, issue of the magazine on pages 27-32.

Biotek, M.R. (1992, September 28). Blue green algae – It’s a main course, it’s a shampoo, it’s a floor wax – What is this stuff anyway? Food Talk , 27-32.

Biotek, Mack Roe. “Blue Green Algae – It’s a Main Course, It’s a Shampoo, It’s a Floor Wax – What Is This Stuff Anyway?” Food Talk, 28 Sept. 1992, pp. 27-32.

Biotek, Mack Roe. “Blue Green Algae – It’s a Main Course, It’s a Shampoo, It’s a Floor Wax – What Is This Stuff Anyway?” Food Talk , September 28, 1992.

MAGAZINE ARTICLE FROM ONLINE FULL-TEXT DATABASE

The example is an article published by author Almonda Chickpea in the magazine Nutrition Around Us entitled “Original Tofu Recipes With a Bit of a Kick.” The article appeared on pages 43-52 of the April 15, 2008, issue of the magazine. It was retrieved from the online database FoodSearch Online on August 18, 2008. The magazine is not available on the Internet and the article has not been assigned a DOI. Note: APA advises that it is generally not necessary to provide retrieval information for journal articles pulled from databases, since coverage in the database might change. When no DOI or website is available, the citation will take the format of the print journal article.

Chickpea, A. (2008, April 15). Original tofu recipes with a bit of a kick. Nutrition Around Us , 43-52.

Chickpea, Almonda. “Original Tofu Recipes With a Bit of a Kick.” Nutrition Around Us, 15 Apr. 2008, pp. 43-52. FoodSearch Online,  www.foodsearchonline.com/tofu041508.html. Accessed  18 Aug. 2008.

Chickpea, Almonda. “Original Tofu Recipes With a Bit of a Kick.” Nutrition Around Us , April 15, 2008. http://www.foodsearchonline.com/tofu041508.html (accessed August 18, 2008).

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APA Citation Style, 7th edition: Magazine Article

  • General Style Guidelines
  • One Author or Editor
  • Two Authors or Editors
  • Three to Five Authors or Editors
  • Article or Chapter in an Edited Book
  • Article in a Reference Book
  • Edition other than the First
  • Translation
  • Government Publication
  • Journal Article with 1 Author
  • Journal Article with 2 Authors
  • Journal Article with 3–20 Authors
  • Journal Article 21 or more Authors
  • Magazine Article
  • Newspaper Article
  • Basic Web Page
  • Web page from a University site
  • Web Page with No Author
  • Entry in a Reference Work
  • Government Document
  • Film and Television
  • Youtube Video
  • Audio Podcast
  • Electronic Image
  • Twitter/Instagram
  • Lecture/PPT
  • Conferences
  • Secondary Sources
  • Citation Support
  • Avoiding Plagiarism
  • Formatting Your Paper

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

What is a DOI? A DOI ( digital object identifier ) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation) to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the internet. 

NOTE: It is regarded as the most important part of the citation because it will accurately direct users to the specific article.

Think of it as a "digital fingerprint" or an article's DNA!

The rules for DOIs have been updated in the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. They should be included as URLs, rather than just the alphanumeric string.

Correct:  

  • http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-114
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-114

Incorrect:     

  • doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-12-114
  • Retrieved from http://doi:10.1186/1471-2288-12-114
  • FREE DOI Look-up (Cross-Ref)
  • DOI System: FAQ
  • Looking up a DOI
  • DOI Flowchart

Magazine Article (p. 200)

Helpful Tips:

  • If you view a magazine article online you will need to include the URL of the magazine's home page in your reference.
  • If you view a magazine article from within an article database you will have to do a quick search outside of the database to locate the home page for that particular magazine (p. 198).  You would include the URL of the magazine's home page in your reference.

General Format

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): 

(Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

(Author Surname, Year, page number)

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title: Subtitle. Magazine Title, Volume (issue), page range. URL of magazine home page [if viewed online].

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Henry & Mehta, 1990)

(Henry & Mehta, 1990, p. 30)

Henry, W. A., & Mehta, N. S. (1990, April 9). Beyond the melting pot. Time, 135, 28-31.

(Kuttner, 2003)

(Kutner, 2003, p. 26)

 References:

Kuttner, R. (2003, September 8). The great American pension-fund robbery. Business Week , 24-26. http://www.businessweek.com/

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MLA Magazine Citation

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How to cite a magazine in a bibliography using MLA

The most basic entry for a magazine consists of the author’s name(s), article title, magazine’s name, publication date, and page number(s). When available, also include the magazine’s publication season, a volume number, or issue number. Remember, don’t capitalize seasons in the date field when using MLA (winter 2020 not Winter 2020).

Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Magazine Name , Publication Date, pp. #-#.

Smith, John. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” Time , 21 Jan. 2009, pp. 21-23.

For magazines with seasons and volume or issue numbers, format the entries with the volume number, issue number, and publication details after the magazine name:

Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Magazine Name , vol. #, no. #, season Year, pp. #-#.

Smith, John. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” Time , vol. 1, no. 4, winter 2009, pp. 21-23.

The first author’s name should be reversed, with a comma placed after the last name and a period after the first name (or any middle name). The name should not be abbreviated and should be written exactly as it appears on the title page. Titles and affiliations associated with the author should generally be omitted. A suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr. should appear after the author’s given name, preceded by a comma.

For a magazine article written by two authors, list them in the order they appear on the article title page. Reverse only the first author’s name and write the other names in normal order. Separate author names with a comma and place the word “and” before the last author’s name.

Smith, John, and Jane Doe. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” Time , 21 Jan. 2009, pp. 21-23.

For books with three or more authors, only include the first author, followed by a comma and the abbreviation “et al.”

Smith, John, et al. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” Time , 21 Jan. 2009, pp. 21-23.

Place the full article title in double quotation marks and use headline-style capitalization. Unless there is internal punctuation included in the article title, place a period after the title within the quotations. Next, state the name of the magazine in italics. Separate any additional fields such as date or page(s) with commas. End the citation entry with a period.

The date of the magazine article should be written in the international format (e.g., day-month-year). Except for May, June, and July, abbreviate month names (using the first four letters for September and the first three letters for all other months), followed by a period. Magazine publication dates vary and may be a complete date, a period spanning two months, a season, or just a month and year. Give whatever date information is available.

Smith, John. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” Time , Jan.-Feb. 2009, pp. 21-23.

Smith, John. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” Time , winter 2009, pp. 21-23.

Smith, John. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” Time , Jan. 2009, pp. 21-23.

Include the page numbers on which the article appears, followed by a period. Cite all inclusive page numbers—if the article spans pages that are not consecutive, cite only the first page, followed by a plus sign.

Smith, John. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” Time , 21 Jan. 2009, pp. 21+.

If no page numbers are available, omit the page number(s) field.

Smith, John. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” Time , 21 Jan. 2009.

Next, if necessary, cite the location details for the source container of the magazine article (e.g., database name and URL, website name and DOI, etc.). Italicize the container name if it is a database or website title containing the smaller work, the magazine article. If the article was published online, you may choose to include the web address of the page, but MLA prefers you include that online location, in order of preference, by using the DOI, permalink, or URL. MLA recommends using the DOI when it’s available because they are more reliable locators than URLs. DOIs are also more concise. When wondering whether to include a URL in your works-cited list or bibliography, follow the guidelines of your instructor, school, or publisher.

According to MLA’s 9th edition updated in 2021, you may usually leave out http:// or https:// from URLs unless you want to hyperlink them or unless instructed otherwise. When in doubt, ask your instructor. If a DOI is available, use that instead of the URL. For DOIs, use http:// or https:// before the DOI: https://doi.org/xx.xxxx/xxx.xxxx.xxxx. Use a period after the DOI.

Smith, John. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” Time , 21 Jan. 2009, time.com/01-21-2009/obama-inaugurated-as-president.html.

Smith, John. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” Time , 21 Jan. 2009, https://doi.org/12.3456/012.2009.1112.

Smith, John. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” Time , 21 Jan. 2009, LexisNexis , www.lexisnexisdatabase.com/time/archives/obama-inaugurated-as-president.

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As per the MLA handbook, while citing any source without page numbers, that part pertaining to the page numbers is omitted both in-text and at the works-cited-entry level. Many online magazines do not use page numbers.

Last Name, First Name. “Title of the article.” Name of the magazine , Publication Date, URL.

Brune, Evan. “Arms of Independence: Guns of the American Revolution.” American Rifleman, 2 July 2021, www.americanrifleman.org/content/arms-of-independence-the-guns-of-the-american-revolution/.

There are no major differences between the works-cited entry of a print magazine and an online magazine in MLA style. A print magazine is represented more like a print journal article. This means page numbers are included. An online magazine includes the URL in place of a page number.

Below are examples of a print magazine and online magazine in MLA style.

Author’s Surname, First Name. “Title of the Magazine Article.” Name of the Magazine , Date, pp. #–#.

Author’s Surname, First Name. “Title of the Magazine Article.” Name of the Magazine , Date, URL.

Boesler, Matthew. “Rising Beef, Pork, and Egg Costs Make Food Inflation Hard to Escape.” Bloomberg Businessweek , 18 Feb. 2022, p. 12.

Garber, M. “Comedy, or TED Talk?” The Atlantic , 26 Jan. 2016, www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/01/the-triumph-of-soap-box-comedy/427104/ .

  • The magazine name is given in italics.
  • Abbreviate the month in the date field (except May, June, and July).
  • If URL is given, include it after the magazine name.
  • Do not add “https:” before the URL.

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Chicago Citation Guide (17th Edition): Magazine Articles

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Magazine article from a library database - one author, magazine article from a library database - two authors, magazine article from a library database - three authors, magazine article from a library database - four or more authors, magazine article from a library database - unknown author, magazine article from a website, magazine article in print - one author, magazine article in print - two authors, magazine article in print - three authors, magazine in print - four or more authors, magazine article in print - unknown author, how can i tell if it's a magazine.

Photo courtesy of Flickr by Manoj Jacob. Available under a Creative Commons license.

Not sure whether your article is from a magazine? Look for these characteristics:

Popular magazines:

  • Main purpose is to entertain, sell products or promote a viewpoint.
  • Appeal to the general public.
  • Often have many photos and illustrations, as well as many advertisements.
  • Author may or may not have subject expertise.
  • Name and credentials of authors often NOT provided.
  • Articles tend to be short –less than 5 pages
  • Unlikely to have a bibliography or references list

Trade magazines:

  • Main purpose is to update and inform readers on current trends in a specific industry or trade.
  • Audience is members of a specific industry or trade or professors and students in that trade or industry
  • May have photos and numerous advertisements, but still assume that readers understand specific jargon of the profession.
  • Usually published by an association.
  • Authors are professionals working in the specific industry or trade.

Articles may also come from  journals  or  newspapers.

  • Number your footnotes consecutively, starting at the beginning of your paper.

Footnotes :

  • Create a footnote citation on the same page as the quote or paraphrase used from that source.  Indent the first line of your footnote by 0.5 inches and begin with the appropriate full-size number, followed by a period and a space. 
  • Remember to insert this same number into the body of your paper as a superscript 3  after the final punctuation of the corresponding quote or paraphrase.

Shortened Footnotes:

  • If using the same source more than once in your paper, use the full footnote format the first time and this shortened footnote format after that: 

Author's Last Name(s), "Source Title (shortened to four words)," Exact Page Number(s) Used.  

Bibliography Entries: 

  • Arrange your sources alphabetically by the author's last name or the first available part of the entry.  If there are multiple sources by the same author, arrange those sources by author's last name, then by date, and then alphabetically by title. 
  • Each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should use a "hanging indent" and be indented by 0.5 inches.
  • Single space your entries, but leave one full blank line between each entry.  Leave two blank lines between the title "Bibliography" and the first entry.

What is a DOI number?

DOI Numbers for Journal Articles

Some electronic content like journal articles are assigned a unique number called a Digital Object Identifier (DOI). The DOI gives a way to find an article. If a DOI is provided for a journal article, include it after the page numbers of the article as "https://doi.org/DOI Number."

1. Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Name of Magazine, Date of Publication, Page Number of Exact Citation, https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

Bibliography Entry:

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication. https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database .

 Cite magazines by date only, even if they are numbered by volume and issue.

 Whenever possible, include the DOI number for the article rather than the database name.  If there is no DOI number, use the name of the database instead of the URL generated by the article's "Permanlink" icon or sh own in the browser's address bar.

1. First Author's First Name Last Name and Second Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Name of Journal,  Date of Publication, Page Number of Exact Citation, https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database .

First Author's Last Name, First Name, and Second Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Journal,  Date of Publication.  https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database .

1. First Author's First Name Last Name, Second Author's First Name Last Name, and Third Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Name of Journal,  Date of Publication, Page Number of Exact Citation, https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database .

First Author's Last Name, First Name, Second Author's First Name Last Name, and Third Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Journal,  Date of Publication.  https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database .

1. First Author's First Name Last Name et al., "Title of Article," Name of Journal,  Date of Publication, Page Number of Exact Citation, https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

First Author's Last Name, First Name, Second Author's First Name Last Name, Third Author's First Name Last Name, and Fourth Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Journal,  Date of Publication. https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

 If there are four or more authors: in the foot note , list only the first author, followed by  et al . (“and others”); in the bibliography , list up to ten authors

1. "Title of Article," Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication, Page Number of Exact Citation, https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

"Title of Article."  Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication. https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

  If the author is unknown, begin the citation with the title of the article.

1. Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication, URL.

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication. URL.

  Note:  If the magazine article has two authors, follow the same author format as shown in the sections on  Magazine Article From a Library Database - Two Authors  or  Magazine Article in Print - Two Authors . 

1. Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication, Page Number of Exact Citation.

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication.

1. First Author's First Name Last Name and Second Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Name of Journal,  Date of Publication, Page Number of Exact Citation.

First Author's Last Name, First Name, and Second Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Journal,  Date of Publication.

1. First Author's First Name Last Name, Second Author's First Name Last Name, and Third Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication, Page Number of Exact Citation.

First Author's Last Name, First Name, Second Author's First Name Last Name, and Third Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication.

1. First Author's First Name Last Name et al., "Title of Article," Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication, Page Number of Exact Citation.

First Author's Last Name, First Name, Second Author's First Name Last Name, Third Author's First Name Last Name, and Fourth Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication.

1. "Title of Article," Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication, Page Number of Exact Citation.

"Title of Article."  Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication.

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Go to Index

Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations

Go to Author-Date: Sample Citations

The following examples illustrate the notes and bibliography system. Sample notes show full citations followed by shortened citations for the same sources. Sample bibliography entries follow the notes. For more details and many more examples, see chapter 14 of The Chicago Manual of Style . For examples of the same citations using the author-date system, follow the Author-Date link above.

1. Zadie Smith, Swing Time   (New York: Penguin Press, 2016), 315–16.

2. Brian Grazer and Charles Fishman, A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), 12.

Shortened notes

3. Smith, Swing Time , 320.

4. Grazer and Fishman, Curious Mind , 37.

Bibliography entries (in alphabetical order)

Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life . New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015.

Smith, Zadie. Swing Time . New York: Penguin Press, 2016.

For many more examples, covering virtually every type of book, see 14.100–163 in The Chicago Manual of Style .

Chapter or other part of an edited book

In a note, cite specific pages. In the bibliography, include the page range for the chapter or part.

1. Henry David Thoreau, “Walking,” in The Making of the American Essay , ed. John D’Agata (Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016), 177–78.

Shortened note

2. Thoreau, “Walking,” 182.

Bibliography entry

Thoreau, Henry David. “Walking.” In The Making of the American Essay , edited by John D’Agata, 167–95. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016.

In some cases, you may want to cite the collection as a whole instead.

1. John D’Agata, ed., The Making of the American Essay (Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016), 177–78.

2. D’Agata, American Essay , 182.

D’Agata, John, ed. The Making of the American Essay . Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016.

For more examples, see 14.103–5 and 14.106–12 in The Chicago Manual of Style .

Translated book

1. Jhumpa Lahiri, In Other Words , trans. Ann Goldstein (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016), 146.

2. Lahiri, In Other Words , 184.

Lahiri, Jhumpa. In Other Words . Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016.

For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the notes, if any (or simply omit).

1. Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1851), 627, http://mel.hofstra.edu/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html.

2. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), chap. 10, doc. 19, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.

3. Brooke Borel, The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016), 92, ProQuest Ebrary.

4. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (New York: Penguin Classics, 2007), chap. 3, Kindle.

5. Melville, Moby-Dick , 722–23.

6. Kurland and Lerner, Founder s ’ Constitution , chap. 4, doc. 29.

7. Borel, Fact-Checking , 104–5.

8. Austen, Pride and Prejudice , chap. 14.

Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice . New York: Penguin Classics, 2007. Kindle.

Borel, Brooke. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016. ProQuest Ebrary.

Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders’ Constitution . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.

Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale . New York: Harper & Brothers, 1851. http://mel.hofstra.edu/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html.

For more examples, see 14.1 59 –63 in The Chicago Manual of Style .

Journal article

In a note, cite specific page numbers. In the bibliography, include the page range for the whole article. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.

1. Susan Satterfield, “Livy and the Pax Deum ,” Classical Philology 111, no. 2 (April 2016): 170.

2. Shao-Hsun Keng, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem, “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality,” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 9–10, https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

3. Peter LaSalle, “Conundrum: A Story about Reading,” New England Review 38, no. 1 (2017): 95, Project MUSE.

4. Satterfield, “Livy,” 172–73.

5. Keng, Lin, and Orazem, “Expanding College Access,” 23.

6. LaSalle, “Conundrum,” 101.

Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

LaSalle, Peter. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38, no. 1 (2017): 95–109. Project MUSE.

Satterfield, Susan. “Livy and the Pax Deum .” Classical Philology 111, no. 2 (April 2016): 165–76.

Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the bibliography; in a note, list only the first, followed by et al . (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the bibliography, followed by et al .

7. Rachel A. Bay et al., “Predicting Responses to Contemporary Environmental Change Using Evolutionary Response Architectures,” American Naturalist 189, no. 5 (May 2017): 465, https://doi.org/10.1086/691233.

8. Bay et al., “Predicting Responses,” 466.

Bay, Rachael A., Noah Rose, Rowan Barrett, Louis Bernatchez, Cameron K. Ghalambor, Jesse R. Lasky, Rachel B. Brem, Stephen R. Palumbi, and Peter Ralph. “Predicting Responses to Contemporary Environmental Change Using Evolutionary Response Architectures.” American Naturalist 189, no. 5 (May 2017): 463–73. https://doi.org/10.1086/691233.

For more examples, see 14.1 68 – 87 in The Chicago Manual of Style .

News or magazine article

Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in a note but are omitted from a bibliography entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database.

1. Rebecca Mead, “The Prophet of Dystopia,” New Yorker , April 17, 2017, 43.

2. Farhad Manjoo, “Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera,” New York Times , March 8, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html.

3. Rob Pegoraro, “Apple’s iPhone Is Sleek, Smart and Simple,” Washington Post , July 5, 2007, LexisNexis Academic.

4. Tanya Pai, “The Squishy, Sugary History of Peeps,” Vox , April 11, 2017, http://www.vox.com/culture/2017/4/11/15209084/peeps-easter.

5. Mead, “Dystopia,” 47.

6. Manjoo, “Snap.”

7. Pegoraro, “Apple’s iPhone.”

8. Pai, “History of Peeps.”

Manjoo, Farhad. “Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera.” New York Times , March 8, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html.

Mead, Rebecca. “The Prophet of Dystopia.” New Yorker , April 17, 2017.

Pai, Tanya. “The Squishy, Sugary History of Peeps.” Vox , April 11, 2017. http://www.vox.com/culture/2017/4/11/15209084/peeps-easter.

Pegoraro, Rob. “Apple’s iPhone Is Sleek, Smart and Simple.” Washington Post , July 5, 2007. LexisNexis Academic.

Readers’ comments are cited in the text or in a note but omitted from a bibliography.

9. Eduardo B (Los Angeles), March 9, 2017, comment on Manjoo, “Snap.”

For more examples, see 14.1 88 – 90 (magazines), 14.191–200 (newspapers), and 14.208 (blogs) in The Chicago Manual of Style .

Book review

1. Michiko Kakutani, “Friendship Takes a Path That Diverges,” review of Swing Time , by Zadie Smith, New York Times , November 7, 2016.

2. Kakutani, “Friendship.”

Kakutani, Michiko. “Friendship Takes a Path That Diverges.” Review of Swing Time , by Zadie Smith. New York Times , November 7, 2016.

1. Kory Stamper, “From ‘F-Bomb’ to ‘Photobomb,’ How the Dictionary Keeps Up with English,” interview by Terry Gross, Fresh Air , NPR, April 19, 2017, audio, 35:25, http://www.npr.org/2017/04/19/524618639/from-f-bomb-to-photobomb-how-the-dictionary-keeps-up-with-english.

2. Stamper, interview.

Stamper, Kory. “From ‘F-Bomb’ to ‘Photobomb,’ How the Dictionary Keeps Up with English.” Interview by Terry Gross. Fresh Air , NPR, April 19, 2017. Audio, 35:25. http://www.npr.org/2017/04/19/524618639/from-f-bomb-to-photobomb-how-the-dictionary-keeps-up-with-english.

Thesis or dissertation

1. Cynthia Lillian Rutz, “ King Lear and Its Folktale Analogues” (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2013), 99–100.

2. Rutz, “ King Lear ,” 158.

Rutz, Cynthia Lillian. “ King Lear and Its Folktale Analogues.” PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2013.

Website content

It is often sufficient simply to describe web pages and other website content in the text (“As of May 1, 2017, Yale’s home page listed . . .”). If a more formal citation is needed, it may be styled like the examples below. For a source that does not list a date of publication or revision, include an access date (as in example note 2).

1. “Privacy Policy,” Privacy & Terms, Google, last modified April 17, 2017, https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.

2. “About Yale: Yale Facts,” Yale University, accessed May 1, 2017, https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

3. Katie Bouman, “How to Take a Picture of a Black Hole,” filmed November 2016 at TEDxBeaconStreet, Brookline, MA, video, 12:51, https://www.ted.com/talks/katie_bouman_what_does_a_black_hole_look_like.

4. Google, “Privacy Policy.”

5. “Yale Facts.”

6. Bouman, “Black Hole.”

Bouman, Katie. “How to Take a Picture of a Black Hole.” Filmed November 2016 at TEDxBeaconStreet, Brookline, MA. Video, 12:51. https://www.ted.com/talks/katie_bouman_what_does_a_black_hole_look_like.

Google. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Last modified April 17, 2017. https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.

Yale University. “About Yale: Yale Facts.” Accessed May 1, 2017. https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

For more examples, see 14. 20 5–10 in The Chicago Manual of Style . For multimedia, including live performances, see 14. 261–68 .

Social media content

Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). A note may be added if a more formal citation is needed. In rare cases, a bibliography entry may also be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.

Conan O’Brien’s tweet was characteristically deadpan: “In honor of Earth Day, I’m recycling my tweets” (@ConanOBrien, April 22, 2015).

1. Pete Souza (@petesouza), “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit,” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016, https://www.instagram.com/p/BDrmfXTtNCt/.

2. Chicago Manual of Style, “Is the world ready for singular they? We thought so back in 1993,” Facebook, April 17, 2015, https://www.facebook.com/ChicagoManual/posts/10152906193679151.

3. Souza, “President Obama.”

4. Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style, “singular they.”

Chicago Manual of Style. “Is the world ready for singular they? We thought so back in 1993.” Facebook, April 17, 2015. https://www.facebook.com/ChicagoManual/posts/10152906193679151.

Personal communication

Personal communications, including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media, are usually cited in the text or in a note only; they are rarely included in a bibliography.

1. Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017.

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  • How to Cite a Journal Article | APA, MLA, & Chicago Examples

How to Cite a Journal Article | APA, MLA, & Chicago Examples

Published on March 9, 2021 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on January 17, 2024.

To cite an article from an academic journal, you need an in-text citation and a corresponding reference listing the name(s) of the author(s), the publication date, the article title and journal name, the volume and issue numbers, the page range, and the URL or DOI .

Different citation styles present this information differently. The main citation styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago style .

You can use the interactive example generator to explore the format for APA and MLA journal article citations.

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Table of contents

Citing an article in apa style, citing an article in mla style, citing an article in chicago style, frequently asked questions about citations.

In an APA Style journal article reference , the article title is in plain text and sentence case, while the journal name appears in italics, in title case.

The in-text citation lists up to two authors; for three or more, use “ et al. ”

When citing a journal article in print or from a database, don’t include a URL. You can still include the DOI if available.

You can also cite a journal article using our free APA Citation Generator . Search by title or DOI to automatically generate a correct citation.

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In an MLA Works Cited entry for a journal article , the article title appears in quotation marks, the name of the journal in italics—both in title case.

List up to two authors in both the in-text citation and the Works Cited entry. For three or more, use “et al.”

A DOI is always included when available; a URL appears if no DOI is available but the article was accessed online . If you accessed the article in print and no DOI is available, you can omit this part.

You can also use our free MLA Citation Generator to create your journal article citations.

Generate accurate MLA citations with Scribbr

In Chicago notes and bibliography style, you include a bibliography entry for each source, and cite them in the text using footnotes .

A bibliography entry for a journal article lists the title of the article in quotation marks and the journal name in italics—both in title case. List up to 10 authors in full; use “et al.” for 11 or more.

In the footnote, use “et al.” for four or more authors.

A DOI or URL (preferably a DOI) is included for articles consulted online; for articles consulted in print, omit this part.

Chicago also offers an alternative author-date style of citation. Examples of how to cite journal articles in this style can be found here .

The elements included in journal article citations across APA , MLA , and Chicago style are the name(s) of the author(s), the title of the article, the year of publication, the name of the journal, the volume and issue numbers, the page range of the article, and, when accessed online, the DOI or URL.

In MLA and Chicago style, you also include the specific month or season of publication alongside the year, when this information is available.

The DOI is usually clearly visible when you open a journal article on an academic database. It is often listed near the publication date, and includes “doi.org” or “DOI:”. If the database has a “cite this article” button, this should also produce a citation with the DOI included.

If you can’t find the DOI, you can search on Crossref using information like the author, the article title, and the journal name.

The abbreviation “ et al. ” (Latin for “and others”) is used to shorten citations of sources with multiple authors.

“Et al.” is used in APA in-text citations of sources with 3+ authors, e.g. (Smith et al., 2019). It is not used in APA reference entries .

Use “et al.” for 3+ authors in MLA in-text citations and Works Cited entries.

Use “et al.” for 4+ authors in a Chicago in-text citation , and for 10+ authors in a Chicago bibliography entry.

Check if your university or course guidelines specify which citation style to use. If the choice is left up to you, consider which style is most commonly used in your field.

  • APA Style is the most popular citation style, widely used in the social and behavioral sciences.
  • MLA style is the second most popular, used mainly in the humanities.
  • Chicago notes and bibliography style is also popular in the humanities, especially history.
  • Chicago author-date style tends to be used in the sciences.

Other more specialized styles exist for certain fields, such as Bluebook and OSCOLA for law.

The most important thing is to choose one style and use it consistently throughout your text.

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Caulfield, J. (2024, January 17). How to Cite a Journal Article | APA, MLA, & Chicago Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved February 15, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/cite-a-journal-article/

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Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Reference List: Articles in Periodicals

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Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Note:  This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style  can be found here .

Please note: the following contains a list of the most commonly cited periodical sources. For a complete list of how to cite periodical publications, please refer to the 7 th edition of the APA Publication Manual.

APA style dictates that authors are named with their last name followed by their initials; publication year goes between parentheses, followed by a period. The title of the article is in sentence-case, meaning only the first word and proper nouns in the title are capitalized. The periodical title is run in title case, and is followed by the volume number which, with the title, is also italicized. If a DOI has been assigned to the article that you are using, you should include this after the page numbers for the article. If no DOI has been assigned and you are accessing the periodical online, use the URL of the website from which you are retrieving the periodical.

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article.  Title of Periodical , volume number (issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Article in Print Journal

Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening.  The New Criterion, 15 (3), 5 – 13.

Note: APA 7 advises writers to include a DOI (if available), even when using the print source. The example above assumes no DOI is available.

Article in Electronic Journal

As noted above, when citing an article in an electronic journal, include a DOI if one is associated with the article.

Baniya, S., & Weech, S. (2019). Data and experience design: Negotiating community-oriented digital research with service-learning.  Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement ,   6 (1), 11 – 16.  https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284316979

DOIs may not always be available. In these cases, use a URL. Many academic journals provide stable URLs that function similarly to DOIs. These are preferable to ordinary URLs copied and pasted from the browser's address bar.

Denny, H., Nordlof, J., & Salem, L. (2018). "Tell me exactly what it was that I was doing that was so bad": Understanding the needs and expectations of working-class students in writing centers. Writing Center Journal , 37 (1), 67 – 98. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26537363

Note that, in the example above, there is a quotation in the title of the article. Ordinary titles lack quotation marks.

Article in a Magazine

Peterzell, J. (1990, April). Better late than never.  Time, 135 (17), 20 –2 1.

Article in a Newspaper

Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies.  The Country Today , 1A, 2A.

Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Exposing the self-knowledge myth [Review of the book  The self-knower: A hero under control , by R. A. Wicklund & M. Eckert].  Contemporary Psychology , 38 (5), 466–467.

Chicago Referencing Guide

  • Notes - basic patterns
  • Bibliography - basic patterns
  • Chapters and other parts of a book
  • Journal articles

Magazine articles - general pattern

Regular column, date of publication, page numbers.

  • Newspaper articles
  • Reference works
  • Theses and dissertations
  • Social media
  • Graphic arts
  • Live performances
  • Exhibition catalogues
  • Television and radio
  • Advertisements
  • Online videos
  • Sound recordings
  • Legal resources
  • Lectures and paper presentations
  • Personal communications, unpublished interviews and AI content
  • Tables - Examples
  • Figures - Examples

Magazine articles are cited much like journal articles, but with a few key differences, discussed in this section.

Print magazine

Bibliography:

Online magazine

If you cite a column or other part of a magazine that appears regularly, capitalise it headline style and do not enclose it in quotation marks.

  • Cite magazines by date only, even if they have a volume or issue number.
  • Expand the names of months and years, even if they are abbreviated by the magazine (e.g.,  June 1997 rather than Jun97 ).
  • Do not enclose the date in brackets.
  • If you cite a particular passage in a note, include its page number.
  • Don't include the page range of the magazine article in the bibliography entry (since magazine articles are often spread over many pages, with advertisements and other material in between).
  • Online magazines will usually not include page numbers to cite, so you can omit them. 
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  • Next: Newspaper articles >>
  • Last Updated: May 15, 2023 7:22 PM
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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / Chicago Style / How to Cite a Magazine in Chicago/Turabian

How to Cite a Magazine in Chicago/Turabian

When citing a magazine in Chicago style, use the same structure you would use to cite a newspaper. This structure is also similar to the one used to cite a blog in Chicago style. This guide will show you how to cite a print or online magazine article in notes-bibliography style using the 17th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style .

Guide Overview

  • Citing a magazine article in print
  • Citing an online magazine article
  • Citing a magazine article accessed via mobile app
  • Citing a magazine article with no author

Citing a Magazine Article in Print

Chicago style magazine article citation structure:.

1. First name Last name, “Article Title,” Magazine Title , Month Date, Year of publication, page number.

Bibliography:

Last name, First name. “Article Title.” Magazine Title , Month Date, Year of publication.

Chicago Style Magazine Article Citation Example:

1. Peter Beinart, “Greens Flip Over Turtles,” Time , April 27, 1998, 34.

Beinart, Peter. “Greens Flip Over Turtles.”  Time , April 27, 1998.

Citing an Online Magazine Article

Chicago style online magazine article citation structure:.

1. First name Last name, “Article Title,” Magazine Title , Month Date, Year of publication, URL.

Last name, First name. “Article Title.” Magazine Title , Month Date, Year of publication. URL.

Chicago Style Online Magazine Article Citation Example:

1. John Seabrook, “America’s Favorite Pickup Truck Goes Electric,” The New Yorker , January 24, 2022, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/01/31/americas-favorite-pickup-truck-goes-electric.

Seabrook, John. “America’s Favorite Pickup Truck Goes Electric.”  The New Yorker , January 24, 2022. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/01/31/americas-favorite-pickup-truck-goes-electric.

Citing a Magazine Article Accessed via Mobile App

If you accessed and/or downloaded an article on a phone, tablet, or other device using a magazine’s mobile app, that should be mentioned in the citation.

1. First name Last name, “Article Title,” Magazine Title (device type [i.e., iPhone or Android] app), Month Date, Year of publication.

Last name, First name. “Article Title.” Magazine Title (device type [i.e., iPhone or Android] app), Month Date, Year of publication.

1. Lisa Abend, “Inside Finland’s Plan to End All Waste by 2050,” Time (Android app), January 20, 2022.

Abend, Lisa. “Inside Finland’s Plan to End All Waste by 2050.”  Time (Android app), January 20, 2022.

Citing a Magazine Article with No Author

On rare occasions, an author may not be listed for a magazine article. This is usually the case when the article is considered to be presented by the whole department staff of that magazine. In this case, the citation should begin with the title of the article in the note, and should use the name of the publication as the author in the bibliography entry.

1. “Article Title,” Magazine Title , Month Date, Year of publication, URL (if applicable).

Magazine Title . “Article Title.” Month Date, Year of publication. URL (if applicable).

1. “As Biden Mulls Sanctions, Three Theories On How Putin Makes His Millions,” Forbes , January 27, 2022, https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbeswealthteam/2022/01/27/as-biden-mulls-sanctions-three-theories–on-how-putin-makes-his-millions/?sh=47a6bbd45b43.

Forbes . “As Biden Mulls Sanctions, Three Theories On How Putin Makes His Millions.” January 27, 2022. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbeswealthteam/2022/01/27/as-biden-mulls-sanctions-three-theories–on-how-putin-makes-his-millions/?sh=47a6bbd45b43.

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Chicago Formatting Guide

Chicago Formatting

  • Book Chapter
  • Conference Paper
  • Musical Recording

Citation Examples

  • Thesis or Dissertation
  • Encyclopedia
  • Sheet Music
  • YouTube Video

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APA Citation Guide (7th Edition): Journal, Magazine and Newspaper Articles

  • Audiovisual Media
  • Books and eBooks
  • Dictionaries, Thesauruses and Encyclopedias
  • Figures and Tables
  • Government Documents
  • Journal, Magazine and Newspaper Articles
  • Personal Communications
  • Presentations and Class Notes
  • Social Media
  • Websites and Webpages
  • Generative AI
  • In-Text Citation
  • Reference List and Sample Papers
  • Annotated Bibliography
  • Citation Software

How Can I Tell If It's a Journal?

How to Identify Articles

Use the University Libraries Quick How-To guides on finding and identifying types of articles for research.

Scholarly and Peer-Reviewed Articles

Use this Quick How-To guide to investigate if your journal is peer reviewed.

Journal Article with a DOI (with 1 and 2 Authors)

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical , V olume (Issue), #-#. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume (Issue), #-#. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Bailey, N. W. (2012). Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution , 27 (3), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.05.011

Baker, T., & Clark, J. (2011). Educational equity in ethnically diverse group work. Intercultural Education, 22 (5), 411-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2011.643138

Journal Article with 3 to 20 Authors

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., & Author, D. D. (Year). Title of article Subtitle if any.  Title of Periodical , volume (issue), #-#. URL

Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability , 31 (1), 17-39. https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/publications/jped/archived-ped/jped-volume-31

Journal Article with 21+ Authors

First 19 authors., . . . Last author.

Note:  After the first 19 authors' names, use an ellipsis (. . .) in place of the remaining author names. Then, end with the final author's name. There should be a maximum of 20 authors included in the reference list entry).

Lubin, D., Zhang, D., Silber, I., Scott, R. C., Kalogeras, P., Battaglia, A., Bromwich, D. H., Cadeddu, M., Eloranta, E., Fridlind, A., Frossard, A., Hines, K. M., Kneifel, S., Leaitch, W. R., Lin, W., Nicolas, J., Powers, H., Quinn, P. K., Rowe, P., . . . Vogelmann, A. M. (2020). AWARE: The atmospheric radiation measurement (ARM) West Antarctic radiation experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 101 (7), E1069-E1091. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0278.1

Journal Article Without a DOI with a Nondatabase URL

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical , Volume (Issue), #-#. URL

Stamps, D. (2019). Is it really representation? A qualitative analysis of Asian and Latino characterizations in broadcast television. American Communication Journal,   21 (1), 1-12. http://www.ac-journal.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Stamps-.pdf

Journal Article from a Print Source

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Title of Periodical, Volume (Issue), #-#. DOI if available

Jungers, W. L. (2010). Biomechanics: Barefoot running strikes back. Nature , 463 (7280), 433-434.

Note : APA 7 advises writers to include a DOI (if available), even when using the print source. The example above assumes no DOI is available.

Magazine Article

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Periodical , Volume (Issue) [if available], URL

Waxman, O. B. (2016, December 20). When does winter start? It depends on what you mean by 'winter.' Time Magazine , http://time.com/4607873/2016-first-day-of-winter-solstice 

Newspaper Article

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Periodical , #-# [if available]. URL [if online]

Belluck, P. (2020, July 28). Amazing, isn't it. Long sought blood test for Alzheimer's in reach.  The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/28/health/alzheimers-blood-test.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage

Journal, Magazine, or Newspaper Article Without a DOI, from Most Academic Research Databases or Print Version

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article.  Title of Periodical , Volume (Issue), #-# [if available].

Bogan, E., & Paun, E. (2011). The assimilation of immigrants into the British labor market. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations , 3 (2), 272.

Note : Do not include the database name or URL. See Section 9.30 for more on excluding or including database information in references.

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Luxury Pet Beds: Embroidered cushions and ruffled slipcovers are on the rise  as designers turn their attention to an often-ignored piece of furniture for cats and dogs.

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Partners in time: Reconnecting African Americans with their tribes of origin

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The UN designated the  International Decade for People of African Descent , from 2015 to 2024, to promote the recognition, justice, and development of African descendants worldwide. Through various programs, events, and awareness campaigns, the Decade seeks to create a platform for dialogue, understanding, and positive change in the lives of people in the diaspora. Africa Renewal is highlighting the journeys African Americans are taking to reconnect with Africa – the continent their ancestors called home. This is the last piece in the four-part series:

In 1999, the pioneering geneticist Rick Kittles joined a team of historians, archaeologists and biological anthropologists to examine remains in New York City’s Financial District.

Some scientists and experts suggested that the remains may be those of Native Americans or Europeans, Dr. Kittles said. “My role was to isolate DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] from the bones and develop a way to figure out if they were of African descent.”

Today, that landmark near Wall Street is the  African Burial Ground National Monument . It is considered one of the most important archeological finds of the 20th century,” according to the US National Park Service, which estimated that 15,000 free and enslaved Africans were interred there.

Dr. Kittles, who received his PhD in biological sciences from George Washington University in Washington DC, spent five years on the interdisciplinary project.

A reporter once asked him, “If you can do that for the bones, why can’t you do that for regular people?” in reference to DNA tracing.

So, he drew from his research in anthropology, evolutionary biology and human genetics and applied it to the field of ancestry.

In 2003, Dr. Kittles partnered with Dr. Gina Paige to launch African Ancestry Inc., a genetic tracing company that boasts the largest database of African lineages dating back 500 to 2,000 years.  Unlike other genetic and genealogy firms, African Ancestry does not provide percentages of one’s lineage rather it pinpoints to a present-day African country or ethnic group of origin by tracing one’s maternal or paternal line.      

A mixture of lineages

According to a study in the American Journal of Human Genetics, the average African American carries 24 percent European ancestry. For test-takers, it can be a painful reminder of how the legacy of slavery still robs African Americans of their identities.

Unlike other genetic and genealogy firms, African Ancestry does not provide percentages of one’s lineage. Instead, the company pinpoints a specific present-day African country and ethnic group of origin by tracing one’s maternal or paternal line.

LaKisha David has been conducting academic genealogical research while she was a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and as a PhD student and assistant professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. During that time, Ms. David has also dedicated time to personal genealogical research.

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“I already had a psychological connection to Africa, so I wanted to get more details,” said Ms. David.

Early in her research, she received her family’s DNA results from African Ancestry revealing that she hailed from the Tikar, Hausa, and Fulani people of Cameroon.

“The African Ancestry results helped me to narrow down my search to a specific area,” said Ms. David, who appreciated the ancient discovery. “It made me more eager to learn about the area, the history and the nuances.”

Now that she knew her roots, Ms. David wanted to explore more recent branches of her tree, particularly the period before her ancestors were enslaved. “The narrative was that the period of separation was too long ago to find living African relatives,” said Ms. David.

Then she submitted DNA to other genetic testing sites including 23 and Me, which is where she found a cousin from Cameroon. “We shared an ancestor within the last 500 years,” said Ms. David. “Now I have a family history, even though it’s not complete. “I have an even greater connection and a psychological claim to Cameroon.”

When Dr. Kittles tested his own DNA, he expected to find a mixture of lineages because enslavers were constantly separating and selling enslaved Africans to different colonies or states in America.

On his mother’s side, he found Ibo and Hausa from Nigeria; on his father’s side, he found Mandinka and European. “I was shocked to see the results in the lab,” he said of his European ancestry. He reconciled his scientific revelation by remembering family stories of a white ancestor and understanding the legacy of slavery.

That legacy involved generations of European captors raping and breeding enslaved African women and girls like cattle.

Harriet Jacobs recounted the horror in her 1861 autobiography,  Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl . More than 2,300 other survivors shared their testimonies in the collection,  Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936–1938 .

“Those men passed their European ancestry to their African male children,” the company stated in a  blog post . It cautions its African American clients, particularly men who take what it calls the PatriClan Test to trace their paternal DNA, that their results have only a 65 percent chance of yielding an ancestor from Africa.

However, both genders can trace their maternal lineage with the company’s MatriClan Test, which has a 92 percent chance of yielding an African ancestor.

Philadelphia-based genealogist Dena M. Chasten  fell into that small percentage of test-takers whose results failed to yield an African maternal ancestor.

“When I tested my DNA on my maternal line, I was expecting to find my African lineage. Then when the results came back European, I said, ‘ What is that!’”

Ms. Chasten’s confusion motivated her to dig deeper by working with additional genetic testing firms, following a paper trail and making phone calls. Eventually, her search resulted in locating a distant cousin in Ghana. (You can read about her journey  here ).

Act of resistance

Test results help to heal the trauma of the transatlantic slave trade and welcome African Americans home,      Dr. Paige explained. “Black people should take the test as an act of resistance, because [our ancestry] was something we were never supposed to know.”       

Denying them knowledge of their origins was an intentional strategy to keep African Americans disconnected from their power and their roots, Dr. Paige said. “When you are unrooted, you have no foundation. You are at the mercy of whatever happens around you.”

Dr. Kittles grew up feeling that disconnection. “I wanted us to see ourselves in African people and the culture,” he said. He believed that, if African Americans knew their origins, then they would be more inclined to tackle the challenges and help alleviate hardships facing those nations.

With this information, people can operate differently, Dr. Paige said. “We have the ability to live more purposefully because we have strengthened our identities.”

Ironically, when her DNA test revealed that she was Hausa from Nigeria, she was not particularly moved: she found pride in knowing that she was simply a descendant of Africa.

Besides, Dr. Paige had her hands full at the time. “I was in the midst of launching a start-up,” said the Stanford-educated entrepreneur. “I was focusing on making sure the business was going to be sustainable.”

Ancestral imperative

Twenty years later, African Ancestry has helped more than one million descendants of slaves unravel the mysteries of their heritage.

The company works with Diallo Sumbry, Ghana Tourism Authority’s first American ambassador, as its director of partnerships. A Fulani descendant, Mr. Sumbry was instrumental in arranging for African Ancestry to share DNA results on the site of the former slave dungeons in Cape Coast, Ghana, during the  Year of Return .

In addition to Ghana, the company hosts African American family reunion tours in Cameroon, Gabon, Senegal, and Sierra Leone. During the tours, it presents test-takers with their ancestry reveals.    

While doing the ancestry reveals, Dr. Paige has discovered what she refers to as an “ancestral imperative” when she described a scene that happened like clockwork.      

“At the  Door of No Return , about five minutes before every single ceremony, I’d start crying uncontrollably out of nowhere,” she said. “I didn’t know why I would start crying. I would have to wait for the tears to stop.”

One day, a spiritual leader at the ceremony told her, “‘You are giving birth. You are giving someone a new perspective on their life.’”

Now she lets the tears flow, with no apologies.

“It’s very clear to me that I’m doing this work because the ancestors want this work done,” Dr. Paige said. “The ancestors want us to know who they are.”

Ms. Beard is a writer and educator based in New York.

Also in this issue

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Following in Pelé’s footsteps, Vinícius Junior appointed UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador

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UN appeals for $4.1 billion in aid for war-torn Sudan and refugee-hosting countries

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In Turning the Tide Against Female Genital Mutilation, Survivors Can Be Effective Agents of Change

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Shifting the development paradigm in Angola

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Bridging Africa’s gender gap in tech

Diallo Sumbry

Revolutionist returnees: Fulfilling dreams, finding freedom

Dena M. Chasten standing on a beach. She found her birth parents and now works as a genealogist.

Tracing family roots beyond the DNA

More from africa renewal.

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  • Public Health

Oregon Confirmed a Human Case of the Bubonic Plague. It Was Likely Caused by a Cat

Cat on bed

A case of the bubonic plague has hit Oregon, and the likely cause was a cat.

Health officials in Deschutes County announced last week that a resident, who has not been identified, had been diagnosed with the plague, in the state’s first human case in eight years. The individual was likely infected by their cat, the department says.

“All close contacts of the resident and their pet have been contacted and provided medication to prevent illness,” said Dr. Richard Fawcett, the Deschutes County Health Services Officer.  

The disease is often spread through a bite from an infected flea or contact with an infected animal. Human to human transmission can occur, but is rare. 

The Oregon case was identified early and the person was treated swiftly, according to officials. They added the case doesn’t pose a significant risk to the community, and no other cases have been reported in the state, according to health officials . The last case of the plague in Oregon was reported in 2015.

Though the plague is infamous for killing more than a third of Europe’s population— about 25 million people —from 1347 to 1351, it’s now easily treatable with modern antibiotics. However, if not treated quickly, the disease can progress to infection in the bloodstream and lungs and cause serious illness and death.

In humans, symptoms usually appear between two to eight days after exposure to an infected animal or flea. Symptoms can include a sudden onset of fever, nausea, weakness, chills, muscle aches, and, most commonly, visibly swollen lymph nodes called buboes.  

In the U.S. plague infections continue to occur in rural parts of the West—particularly in New Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado. Between 1900 and 2012, 1006 confirmed or probable human plague cases occurred in the United States, over 80% of which have been the bubonic form. In recent decades, an average of seven human plague cases are reported each year in the U.S., the CDC says, though the number is much higher worldwide.

Deschutes County Health Services recommended several plague-preventing measures—including keeping pets on a leash when outdoors, and refraining from feeding squirrels, chipmunks, or other wild rodents. 

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COMMENTS

  1. How to Cite a Magazine Article in APA Style

    Caulfield, J. (2023, December 27). How to Cite a Magazine Article in APA Style | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved February 6, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-examples/magazine-article/ Cite this article Jack Caulfield Jack is a Brit based in Amsterdam, with an MA in comparative literature.

  2. How to Cite a Magazine Article in MLA

    To create an in-text citation for a magazine found in print: Place the author's last name and the page number of the quote in parenthesis after the borrowed quote or information. Example: "Time spent with family or friends is more important now than ever" (Garcia 120). To create an in-text citation for a magazine found on a website:

  3. Magazine article references

    If the magazine article does not have a DOI but does have a URL that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online magazine that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference (as in the Schulman example).

  4. How to Cite a Magazine Article in APA

    This guide will show you how to format citations for magazine articles in APA format following guidelines for the 7th edition. (Looking for how to cite a journal article in APA style? Learn more at the link.) In this guide, you will find the following information: Citing a magazine article in print Citing a magazine article found online

  5. Magazine Articles

    MAGAZINE ARTICLES The basic format for citing a magazine article is similar to the journal format. Required information includes author's name, article title, name of the magazine, date of issue, and inclusive page numbers. Some magazines may include volume numbers. None of the three styles require those for magazines citations.

  6. APA Magazine Article Citation Examples

    The magazine and publication date are on the cover, while article specific information like title and author are found on the pages of the article. APA Magazine Citation With More Than One Author In the 7th edition of APA format, they upped the number of authors you include in an APA citation.

  7. MLA Citation Guide (9th Edition): Magazine Articles

    Welcome What Kind of Source Is This? How Do I Cite? In-Text Citation Works Quoted in Another Source No Author, No Date etc. Works Cited List & Sample Paper Annotated Bibliography Powerpoint Presentations More Help? On This Page: Magazines Magazine Article From a Library Database - One Author Magazine Article From a Library Database - Two Authors

  8. Magazine Article

    (Henry & Mehta, 1990) In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Henry & Mehta, 1990, p. 30) References: Henry, W. A., & Mehta, N. S. (1990, April 9). Beyond the melting pot. Time, 135, 28-31. Example 2 In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Kuttner, 2003)

  9. How to Cite a Magazine

    How to cite a magazine in a bibliography using MLA The most basic entry for a magazine consists of the author's name (s), article title, magazine's name, publication date, and page number (s). When available, also include the magazine's publication season, a volume number, or issue number.

  10. Magazine Articles

    Tips Formatting Magazine Article From a Library Database or in Print - One Author Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Magazine, Volume Number (Issue Number), first page number-last page number.

  11. MLA Magazine Citation Format With Examples

    4 Min read Books are great, but they take a long time to publish. Most magazines are published weekly or monthly by reputable publishers. Bring current resources to your readers' attention by including magazine articles in your MLA research paper. Learn how to create a magazine citation for your MLA humanities paper through easy to follow examples.

  12. MLA Works Cited Page: Periodicals

    The basic format is as follows: Author (s). "Title of Article." Title of Periodical, Day Month Year, pages. Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too-Close Call." Time, 20 Nov. 2000, pp. 70-71. Buchman, Dana.

  13. How to Cite a Magazine Article in MLA

    A magazine article in MLA has a simple citation format for in-text citations. The following information appears in parentheses after the text that cites the source, in what is known as a parenthetical citation: ... The citation that includes the author and year would then come at the end of the statement in parentheses. These in-text citations ...

  14. MLA Citation Guide (MLA 9th Edition): Magazine Articles

    Restaurants and Institutions, 15 Sept. 2005, p. 16. Academic OneFile. In-Text Citation Example. ("First Word or Words of the Title" Page Number) ("Canned") Note: This magazine article doesn't list an author, so the first word or words of the title are included in the in-text citation in quotation marks.

  15. Chicago Citation Guide (17th Edition): Magazine Articles

    Numbering: Number your footnotes consecutively, starting at the beginning of your paper. Create a footnote citation on the same page as the quote or paraphrase used from that source. Indent the first line of your footnote by 0.5 inches and begin with the appropriate full-size number, followed by a period and a space.

  16. Notes and Bibliography Style

    Notes 1. Zadie Smith, Swing Time (New York: Penguin Press, 2016), 315-16. 2. Brian Grazer and Charles Fishman, A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), 12. Shortened notes 3. Smith, Swing Time, 320. 4. Grazer and Fishman, Curious Mind, 37. Bibliography entries (in alphabetical order)

  17. How to Cite a Journal Article

    To cite an article from an academic journal, you need an in-text citation and a corresponding reference listing the name (s) of the author (s), the publication date, the article title and journal name, the volume and issue numbers, the page range, and the URL or DOI. Different citation styles present this information differently.

  18. Reference List: Articles in Periodicals

    Article in Print Journal Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15 (3), 5 - 13. Note: APA 7 advises writers to include a DOI (if available), even when using the print source. The example above assumes no DOI is available. Article in Electronic Journal

  19. Library Guides: Chicago Referencing Guide: Magazine articles

    Page numbers. If you cite a particular passage in a note, include its page number. Don't include the page range of the magazine article in the bibliography entry (since magazine articles are often spread over many pages, with advertisements and other material in between). Online magazines will usually not include page numbers to cite, so you ...

  20. Journal article references

    Narrative citation: Grady et al. (2019) If a journal article has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference. Always include the issue number for a journal article. If the journal article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range (for an explanation of why, see the database information ...

  21. How to Cite a Magazine in Chicago/Turabian

    Bibliography: Last name, First name. "Article Title." Magazine Title, Month Date, Year of publication. Chicago Style Magazine Article Citation Example: Note: 1. Peter Beinart, "Greens Flip Over Turtles," Time, April 27, 1998, 34. Bibliography: Beinart, Peter. "Greens Flip Over Turtles." Time, April 27, 1998. Citing an Online Magazine Article

  22. Chicago Magazine Article Citation Examples

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    Markets Magazine. Top Investors Share the Toughest Lessons They Had to Learn. No one gets good at financial decision-making without taking the risk of being wrong and then figuring out how to adjust.

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    Share full article. Explore T Magazine. A New Era of Elegance: Sixties-inspired shapes and glossy finishes mark a return to polish and playfulness in fashion. Mung Bean Desserts: ...

  25. Journal, Magazine and Newspaper Articles

    Format. First 19 authors., . . . Last author. Note: After the first 19 authors' names, use an ellipsis (. . .) in place of the remaining author names.Then, end with the final author's name. There should be a maximum of 20 authors included in the reference list entry).

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  27. Partners in time: Reconnecting African Americans with their tribes of

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