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Research and Citation Resources

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If you are having trouble locating a specific resource please visit the  search page  or the  Site Map . The Citation Chart  provides a detailed overview of MLA Style, APA Style, and Chicago Manual of Style source documentation by category.

Conducting Research

These OWL resources will help you conduct research using primary source methods, such as interviews and observations, and secondary source methods, such as books, journals, and the Internet. This area also includes materials on evaluating research sources.

Using Research

These OWL resources will help you use the research you have conducted in your documents. This area includes material on quoting and paraphrasing your research sources, as well as material on how to avoid plagiarism.

APA Style (7th Edition)

These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and format style. This section contains resources on in-text citation and the References page, as well as APA sample papers, slide presentations, and the APA classroom poster.

These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the Modern Language Association (MLA) citation and format style. This section contains resources on in-text citation and the Works Cited page, as well as MLA sample papers, slide presentations, and the MLA classroom poster

Chicago Manual of Style

This section contains information on the Chicago Manual of Style method of document formatting and citation. These resources follow the 17th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style, which was issued in 2017.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Style

These resources describe how to structure papers, cite sources, format references, and handle the complexities of tables and figures according to the latest Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) guidelines.

American Medical Association (AMA) Style

These resources provide guidance on how to cite sources using American Medical Association (AMA) Style, 10th Ed., including examples for print and electronic sources.

Research Overview

We live in an age overflowing with sources of information. With so many information sources at our fingertips, knowing where to start, sorting through it all and finding what we want can be overwhelming! This handout provides answers to the following research-related questions: Where do I begin? Where should I look for information? What types of sources are available?

Conducting Primary Research

Primary research involves collecting data about a given subject directly from the real world. This section includes information on what primary research is, how to get started, ethics involved with primary research and different types of research you can do. It includes details about interviews, surveys, observations, and analysis.

Evaluating Sources of Information

Evaluating sources of information is an important step in any research activity. This section provides information on evaluating bibliographic citations, aspects of evaluation, reading evaluation, print vs. online sources, and evaluating Internet sources.

Searching Online

This section covers finding information online. It includes information about search engines, Boolean operators, Web directories, and the invisible Web. It also includes an extensive, annotated links section.

Internet References

This page contains links and short descriptions of writing resources including dictionaries, style manuals, grammar handbooks, and editing resources. It also contains a list of online reference sites, indexes for writers, online libraries, books and e-texts, as well as links to newspapers, news services, journals, and online magazines.

Archival Research

This resource discusses conducting research in a variety of archives. It also discusses a number of considerations and best practices for conducting archival research.

This resources was developed in consultation with Purdue University Virginia Kelly Karnes Archives and Special Collections staff.

Communication 39400: Business Communication

  • Peer Review
  • Citing Sources
  • Google Searching
  • Interlibrary Loan
  • Library Instruction Survey

Subject Guide

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APA Citation

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APA video guide from Purdue OWL

  • Do you use a DOI or URL? FOR APA

Use this flowchart to determine when to include DOIs, URLs, or database information for your reference citations. The notation “Ex: 1, 2...” refers to a few relevant examples in Chapter 7 of the 6th ed. of the APA Publication Manual (see also pp. 188–192).

  • DOI Lookup FOR APA

If you have bibliographic data for an item and would like to find the DOI, please use the metadata section of this form. If you only have an article title and author, please use the article title search section of this form. If you have the text of a bibliographic reference, please use our automatic parsing service on this page. If you are a developer and wish to submit a raw XML query use the XML form section of this page.

  • EndNote Web (Sign Up Required)

Create a formatted bibliography for your paper or cite references while you write. Locate citations Microsoft Word (requires plug-in) with the Cite While You Write™ technology (patent pending). Format papers in other word processors using RTF (rich text format) files. Create an independent bibliography list that can be saved, emailed, or printed instantly

Research and Citation Conducting Research Using Research APA Style MLA Style Chicago Manual

MLA Citation

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If you use a Citation Builder , 

Please be aware that automatically generated citations may not provide accurate results.

If you choose to use a citation generator, like the citation tool in the database or free online citation generators, then take the time to make the necessary corrections using this MLA guide.

Remember: It is your responsibility to double-check the results!

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Psychological Sciences: Major Research Sources

  • Finding Books & Journals
  • Reference Sources incl. DSM-5
  • APA Citation Format
  • Testing & Measurement Resources
  • Professional Societies
  • Dissertations
  • Current Topics, Research Ideas, and Trends
  • Datasets, Curation, and Storage Options

Subject Guide

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APA Citation Information

  • APA 7th Edition Citation Format instructions--Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL)

APA Style Manual

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  5. Spring 2024 Purdue OWL Website Introduction

  6. Citations: A Beginning (1/24/24)

COMMENTS

  1. Reference List: Electronic Sources

    Please note: the following contains a list of the most commonly cited electronic sources. For a complete list of how to cite electronic sources, please refer to the 7 th edition of the APA Publication Manual. Webpage or Piece of Online Content. If the page names an individual author, cite their name first:

  2. Research and Citation Resources

    These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the Modern Language Association (MLA) citation and format style. This section contains resources on in-text citation and the Works Cited page, as well as MLA sample papers, slide presentations, and the MLA classroom poster.

  3. APA Style Guide

    Publication Date: 2019-10-01 The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style. Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) provides instruction on how to use APA 7th. Below are a few topics covered by the OWL. APA Style Introduction APA 7th APA Overview and Workshop APA 7th

  4. Citing Sources

    APA Video; APA video guide from Purdue OWL. Do you use a DOI or URL? FOR APA; Use this flowchart to determine when to include DOIs, URLs, or database information for your reference citations. The notation “Ex: 1, 2...” refers to a few relevant examples in Chapter 7 of the 6th ed. of the APA Publication Manual (see also pp. 188–192). DOI ...

  5. APA Citation Format

    APA 7th Edition Citation Format instructions--Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) APA Style Manual Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed. by American Psychological Association Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2020 (three copies at HSSE reference desk, one in HICKS) ISBN: 9781433832161 Publication Date: 2020