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• Biblatex citation styles
• 1 Introduction and example
• 2 Citation styles
• 3 Further reading

Introduction and example

Biblatex provides numerous citation styles but if no citation style is set L a T e X uses the one that matches the bibliography style . Here is a minimal example showing use of the biblatex parameter style=alphabetic to set the citation style to alphabetic .

 Open this example in Overleaf (the sample.bib file is created for you).

This example produces the following output:

Citation styles

Standard citation styles include:

• numeric Implements a numeric citation scheme intended for in-text citations. Should be employed in conjunction with the numeric bibliography style .
• numeric-comp Compact variant of the numeric mode. Citations like [1, 2, 3] are replaced by [1-3] .
• numeric-verb Verbose variant of the numeric style. Instead of [2, 5, 7] will print [2];[5];[7] .
• alphabetic Alphabetic citation scheme similar to the standard alpha in style bibtex . To be used in conjunction with the alphabetic bibliography style.
• alphabetic-verb Verbose version of the alphabetic style. Instead of [Doe98, Doe95, Farn2004] will print [Doe98];[Doe95];[Farn2004] .
• authoryear Implements the author-year citation scheme. To be used in conjunction with the author-year bibliography style.
• authoryear-comp Compact variant of the authoryear style. Prints the author only once if subsequent references passed to a single citation command share the same author. Prints Doe 1992, 1995 instead of Doe 1992, Doe 1995 .
• authoryear-ibid A variant of the authoryear intended for footnote citations. Replaces repeated citations by the abbreviation ibidem .
• authoryear-icomp A style combining the features of authoryear-comp and authoryear-ibid
• authortitle Implements the author-title scheme. Intended for citations given in footnotes.
• authortitle-comp Compact variant of authortitle . Instead of Doe, First title; Doe, Second title this will print Doe, First title, Second title .
• authortitle-ibid A variant of the authortitle intended for footnote citations. Replaces repeated citations by the abbreviation ibidem .
• authortitle-icomp A style combining authortitle-comp and authortitle-ibid .
• authortitle-terse Variant of authoritle that only prints the title if the bibliography contains more than one work of the respective author/editor.
• authortitle-tcomp Style combining authortitle-terse and authortitle-comp .
• authortitle-ticomp Style combining authortitle-icomp and authortitle-terse .
• verbose Citation style that prints a full citation when the entry is cited for the first time and a short version afterwards.
• reading Citation style that goes with the bibliography style by the same name. Loads the authortitle style.

There are other non-standard citation styles popular in different journals and thesis

• American Chemical Society (ACS) style
• American Institute of Physics (AIP) style
• American Mathematical Society (AMS) style
• Vancouver system
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) style
• Nature style
• Science style
• Chicago Style
• Harvard referencing style
• American Psychological Association (APA) style

(*) this is a new style, see http://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex-phys

Further reading

For more information see

• Bibliography management in LaTeX
• Biblatex bibliography styles
• Biblatex package documentation
• Table of contents
• Management in a large project
• Documentation Home
• Learn LaTeX in 30 minutes

Overleaf guides

• Creating a document in Overleaf
• Uploading a project
• Copying a project
• Creating a project from a template
• Using the Overleaf project menu
• Including images in Overleaf
• Exporting your work from Overleaf
• Working offline in Overleaf
• Using Track Changes in Overleaf
• Using bibliographies in Overleaf
• Sharing your work with others
• Using the History feature
• Debugging Compilation timeout errors
• How-to guides
• Guide to Overleaf’s premium features

LaTeX Basics

• Creating your first LaTeX document
• Choosing a LaTeX Compiler
• Paragraphs and new lines
• Bold, italics and underlining

Mathematics

• Mathematical expressions
• Subscripts and superscripts
• Brackets and Parentheses
• Fractions and Binomials
• Aligning equations
• Spacing in math mode
• Integrals, sums and limits
• Display style in math mode
• List of Greek letters and math symbols
• Mathematical fonts
• Using the Symbol Palette in Overleaf

Figures and tables

• Inserting Images
• Positioning Images and Tables
• Lists of Tables and Figures
• Drawing Diagrams Directly in LaTeX
• TikZ package

References and Citations

• Bibliography management with bibtex
• Bibliography management with natbib
• Bibliography management with biblatex
• Bibtex bibliography styles
• Natbib bibliography styles
• Natbib citation styles
• Multilingual typesetting on Overleaf using polyglossia and fontspec
• Multilingual typesetting on Overleaf using babel and fontspec
• International language support
• Quotations and quotation marks

Document structure

• Sections and chapters
• Cross referencing sections, equations and floats
• Nomenclatures
• Multi-file LaTeX projects
• Lengths in L a T e X
• Headers and footers
• Page numbering
• Paragraph formatting
• Line breaks and blank spaces
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• Page size and margins
• Single sided and double sided documents
• Multiple columns
• Code listing
• Code Highlighting with minted
• Using colours in LaTeX
• Margin notes
• Font sizes, families, and styles
• Font typefaces
• Supporting modern fonts with X Ǝ L a T e X

Presentations

• Environments

Field specific

• Theorems and proofs
• Chemistry formulae
• Feynman diagrams
• Molecular orbital diagrams
• Chess notation
• Knitting patterns
• CircuiTikz package
• Pgfplots package
• Typesetting exams in LaTeX
• Attribute Value Matrices

Class files

• Understanding packages and class files
• List of packages and class files
• Writing your own package
• Writing your own class

Advanced TeX/LaTeX

• In-depth technical articles on TeX/LaTeX

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LaTeX/Bibliographies with biblatex and biber

Learn how to create a bibliography using modern biblatex and biber - A short tutorial.

This will only be a short overview of the main and most often used features of biblatex and biber to create a bibliography. More detailed information can be found in the package documentation.

• 1 The database
• 2 Setting up biber
• 3 A simple example
• 4.1 Numerical Referencing
• 4.2 Author Date Referencing
• 4.3 APA Citing
• 5 Separate Bibliographies by Entry Type
• 6 Splitting into different topics
• 7 Bibliographies per Section or Chapter
• 8 A bibliography in a presentation

The database [ edit | edit source ]

Creating a bibliography using biblatex and biber means storing all of your available bibliographic information in a simple text-based database. The name should be as unique as possible, for example lauraPhd2016.bib . This is helpful when transferring files with your advisor, students or colleagues. biber is used to deal with the database.

A sample database file could look like this:

Every entry in the database starts with an @ -sign followed by the entry type. More types are available, the package documentation lists all of them. The bibliographic information for each entry are stored in a pair of braces, beginning with a unique keyword for that entry (bibkey). Least complicated way of presenting the data is every field type in a new line, the content in curly braces, followed by a comma. The order in which you give the information is not important.

Please have a close look at the authors, every individual author is separated by the keyword and . All dates are written in YYYY-MM-DD, or just the year if the other information is not available. The file biblatex-examples.bib which should have been installed with the package contains some sample entries.

Setting up biber [ edit | edit source ]

Biber is the name of the helper program that sorts the entries and provides all the relevant information to package biblatex. If you are not comfortable using the command line (aka the terminal), you should set up your editor to call biber for you. Setting up my editor to use biber shows how to do it for the different editors.

A simple example [ edit | edit source ]

Now how does it actually work? Package biblatex is loaded with the option backend=biber followed by adding your database file to the list of bibliographic files using \addbibresource . Please note that the file extension is mandatory and that this is happening in the preamble of the document.

Within the document you can cite one of your database entries using \cite{bibkey} . Your database can contain hundreds of entries, but only cited references will occur in the final list. You can use \nocite{<bibkey>} to add uncited entries to the list. If you want to add all entries from the database use \nocite{*} .

Finally, the list of your references is printed with \printbibliography .

Running LaTeX (no matter if latex , pdflatex etc.) on the main document will result in the following log output.

We get several warnings about undefined references, no bibliography and instead of proper citations, we see just the cite key in bold.

In order to really get a bibliography and the citations, and not just the infamous There were undefined references warning, you have to run biber after latex to extract the relevant data from the database. After setting up biber as described in Setting up my editor to use biber you should be able to do it by pressing one button while working on your document. To incorporate the bibliography information into your document, LaTeX then has to process the data biber has generated before. To sum it up, if you have a file lauraPhd2016Main.tex you (or your editor) will have to do:

Everytime your database is updated, remember to process the database by calling biber.

The full result can be seen in the picture below. Please note that package biblatex adds some small little details. Can you see things that are printed but have not been defined?

Reference Styles [ edit | edit source ]

Different reference styles are in use within the different disciplines of science. Very broadly speaking, you can divide into a numerical referencing system (Vancouver) or an author date referencing system (Harvard).

Package biblatex [1] provides different citation commands that generate different output (in-text citation, footnotes and more). A few examples are given below, the package documentation contains and explains the use of the whole set.

Numerical Referencing [ edit | edit source ]

Numerical referencing is the default style. Numbers within brackets are used in text and in the bibliography. Using \autocite makes it easy to change the style into footnotes. sorting=none gives a bibliography that is sorted chronologically, i.e. the numbers increase to the end of the document.

Using autocite=footnote gives a different output. Can you spot all the differences?

Author Date Referencing [ edit | edit source ]

If you want an author-date referencing style, you can use style=authoryear when loading biblatex. The option autocite with the option inline puts parenthesis around the cite genererated with autocite (which is similar to using \parencite ). In some cases, \textcite may come in handy when the citation is the subject and part of the sentence flow.

APA Citing [ edit | edit source ]

The American Psychological Association (APA) defines a very strict author year style. You can access it using style=apa and additionally defining the language mapping.

Compare the output with the normal author year style. How many changes can you spot?

Separate Bibliographies by Entry Type [ edit | edit source ]

Suppose you want to have a separate bibliography for all the online resources you are citing. No problem using the optional argument of \printbibliography . You can also change the title (and other stuff).

Splitting into different topics [ edit | edit source ]

You can split your bibliography into different topics, in trusted and untrusted sources, or in primary and secondary sources. The way to tell biblatex what is what, is by adding a keywords tag to the entries of the database.

Note, that the entryfield in the database is called keywords (plural) because you can have more than one keyword (separated by commas). When calling the \printbibliography command, you have to use the singular. biblatex has a powerful system of filtering data, more can be found in the manual.

Bibliographies per Section or Chapter [ edit | edit source ]

Some people have the need for a reference list at the end of each chapter or section. This can be done using refsection .

A bibliography in a presentation [ edit | edit source ]

You can use package biblatex with beamer (see the Presentations section ) to have citations and a reference list in your presentation. Using full cites right away is recommended, so listeners don't have to wait till the very end to see where information is drawn from.

• ↑ [ biblatex on CTAN ]

Back to main bibliography page

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Choosing a BibTeX Style

• How to Choose a Specific Style

The Seven Standard Styles

Styles recommended by reed.

• Citation Commands Within NatBib

Biblatex-Chicago Style

Discipline specific listings of bibtex journal styles.

The great feature of BibTeX is that it takes a standardized database of books, articles, and other bibliographic entries and puts it in a customized format. A BibTeX style can change how a work is cited and how the bibliography is formatted. For more about using BibTeX than is described here, read our BibTeX documentation .

How to Use a Specific Style

• Choose your BibTeX style from the list below. Place it in the same folder as your LaTeX document.
• Change the \bibliographystyle line of your LaTeX document to reflect the style you chose. Remember to remove the file extension. For example, if you wanted to use the American Anthropologist style, \bibliographystyle{ filename } would become \bibliographystyle{humannat}.
• Many BibTeX styles require the inclusion of a package at the top of the document. The comments about a style will tell you exactly how to include its package. To learn more about your specific style, open up the .bst in your LaTeX editor or read the readme file, if available.
• Anytime you want to cite a document, type \cite[ pagenumber ]{ citekey }. The square brackets and page number are optional. Some BibTeX styles use non-standard citations. Such styles include citation directions within the .bst itself or an included readme file.
• You will need to typeset your document four times, first LaTeX, BibTeX, LaTeX, and then LaTeX again. Your bibliography will now appear in the style of your choice and your citations will be correctly formatted. If question marks appear where citations should, that means you need to LaTeX your document once more. If the citations are entirely missing, you have likely forgotten to BibTeX your document.

Every computer with LaTeX comes with the following seven standard styles. While they work, we recommend the natbib interpretations below. NatBib is a citation package that standardizes citation commands across many different bibliography styles, so you can switch from using plain.bst to acm.bst without having to change your in-text citations.

The following two styles were created or modified by Reed to match the following style manuals as closely as possible. Right-click (Control-Click on a Mac) on the linked name to download the style you want.

Natbib Standard Styles

Citation commands within natbib.

For additional modifications not covered above, this is a great NatBib reference sheet put out by a physical science professor in France.

And this one too!  - This reference sheet includes instructions on how to change (Jones 1990, 341) to (Jones 1990: 341) [or (Jones, 1990: 341) to (Jones 1990: 341)] using the \setcitestyle command

You will see that your urls are formatted in typewritter font. If you want to change the font of your urls, add the command \urlstyle{same} to your preamble to make them the same font as the body of your paper. 

back to top

To use biblatex-Chicago, you need to change the backend from "bibtex" to "biber." To do this, pull up the preferences window (TeXShop/Preferences... or "⌘,"). Go to the "Engine" tab and change the entry in the BibTeX Engine field to "biber." This does require a somewhat new-ish version of tex, so if it's not working and you have an old version, you may need to download a new one.

Chicago A (footnotes)

To use Chicago style citations, comment out or remove the following line from the preamble: \usepackage{natbib}

To use Chicago A (footnote style citations), add these lines to the preamble (where "thesis" should be changed to the title of your .bib file): \usepackage{biblatex-chicago} \bibliography{thesis}

Then go to the end of the .tex file and remove the following lines: \bibliographystyle{APA/apa-good} \bibliography{thesis}

And replace them with this line: \printbibliography[heading=bibintoc]

Chicago B (parenthetical in-line citations)

To use Chicago B (parenthetical in-line citations), add these lines to the preamble (where "thesis" should be changed to the title of your .bib file): \usepackage[authordate,autocite=inline,backend=biber, natbib]{biblatex-chicago} \bibliography{thesis}

In order to have the author and year all in parenthesis, use \autocite for in-text citation. If you want only the year in parenthesis, use \citet instead. 

Explore the Biblatex-Chicago readme  on CTAN to find customizations.

Styles Available at CTAN.org

CTAN.org is the official LaTeX archive containing both the official LaTeX packages and items contributed by LaTeX users. Many of these BibTeX styles have either been created by journal editors or publishers for their authors or by users creating packages to fulfill a personal need. One problem with the user-contributed styles is that they may not match the official style they claim to implement exactly. However, the journal-specific styles will exactly match the journal's house style, as they were designed by the journals. Therefore, we recommend testing any non-journal style by using it with a large BibTeX database and compare the resulting bibliography to the official style.

• Human Nature (humannat.bst)
• American Anthropologist (humannat.bst)
• Behavior and Brain Sciences (bbs.bst)
• American Journal of Human Genetics (ajhg.bst)
• American Medical Association Journals (JAMA, Cancer, etc.) (ama.bst)
• Applied Bioinformatics (openmind.bst, include openmind package)
• Applied Bionics and Biomechanics (openmind.bst, include openmind)
• Applied Biotechnology, Food Science and Policy (openmind.bst, include openmind)
• Applied Environmental Science and Public Health (openmind.bst, include openmind)
• Applied Health Economics and Health Policy (openmind.bst, include openmind)
• Applied Nanoscience (openmind.bst, include openmind)
• Applied Population and Policy (openmind.bst, include openmind)
• Bioinformatics (bioinformatics.bst, include bioinformatics package)
• Council of Biology Editors (includes such journals as American Naturalist, Evolution, etc) (cbe.bst)
• Cell (cell.bst)
• Development (development.bst)
• Ecology (ecology.bst, include natbib, emboj, floatfig packages)
• Human Biology (humanbio.bst)
• Human Mutation (humanmutation.bst, include humanmutation package)
• Journal of Bacteriology (jbact.bst)
• Journal of Molecular Biology (jmb.bst)
• Journal of Neuroscience (namedplus.sty, include namedplus package)
• Journal of Super Computing (jsupercomp,include jsupercomp package)
• Journal of Theoretical Biology (jtb.bst and newjtb.bst)
• Methods in Enzymology (methenz.bst)
• Molecular Cell Biology (molcellbiol, include molcellbiol package)
• National Cancer Institute (nci.bst, include nci and \usepackage[normalem]{ulem})
• Nature (nature.bst, include nature, citesuppernumber, naturefem packages)
• Neuron (neuron.bst)
• Nucleic Acid Research (nar.bst)
• PLoS: Public Library of Science Journals (plos.bst, include natbib package)
• Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (pnas.bst)
• Proteins (proteins.bst, include proteins, citesupernumber packages)
• Science (science.bst, scicite.sty)
• American Chemical Society Journals (achemso.bst, include achemso package)
• Journal of Computation Chemistry (jcc.bst)
• Journal of Physical Chemistry (jpc.bst)
• Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (pccp.bst)
• Reviews in Computational Chemistry (revcompchem.bst)
• American Economic Review (aer.bst, include harvard, aer, aertt, and ulem packages)
• Canadian Journal of Economics (cje.bst, include cje package)
• Econometrica (econometrica.bst, include harvard package)
• Economic Theory (et.bst, include et package)
• Journal of Economics and Business (JEB.bst, include JEB, harvard, endnotes, caption2 packages)
• Journal of Finance (jf.bst, include harvard package)
• Journal of Investing (JOI.bst, include JOI, harvard, endnotes, caption2 packages)
• Macroeconomic Dynamics (et.bst, include et package)
• Review of Financial Studies (rfs.bst)
• English and Creative Writing
• Abbreviated (abbrv-fr.bst)
• Alphabetical (alpha-fr.bst)
• Plain (plain-fr.bst)
• Unsorted (unsrt-fr.bst)
• Abbreviated (abbrvdin.bst)
• Alphabetical (alphadin.bst)
• Nat Bib for German (natdin.bst)
• Plain (plaindin.bst)
• Unsorted (unsrtdin.bst)
• Abbreviated (gerabbrv.bst)
• Alphabetical (geralpha.bst)
• Apalike (gerapali.bst)
• Plain (gerplain.bst)
• Unsorted (gerunsrt.bst)
• Ancient Greek
• CSLI (cslibib.bst)
• Language (laslike.bst)
• Lingua (lingua.bst)
• Linguistic Society of America style sheet (lsalike.bst)
• Natural Language Semantics (nals.bst)
• Association for Computing Machinery (acm.bst)
• Association for Computing Machinery Transactions (acmtrans.bst)
• alphabetical (amsalpha.bst)
• plain (amsplain.bst)
• American Statistician
• Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics
• Journal of the American Statistical Association
• Journal of Business and Economic Statistics
• Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics
• Technometrics
• Biometrika (biometrika.bst)
• Computer Journal (cj.bst)
• Design Computing Unit, University of Sydney (dcu.bst)
• IEEE Transactions (ieeetr.bst)
• Annals of Applied Probability
• Annals of Probability
• Annals of Statistics
• Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (rss.bst)
• Numerical Algorithms (numalg.bst)
• American Association for Artificial Intelligence (aaai.bst)
• American Institute of Physics Journal (phaip.bst)
• Astronomy (astron.bst)
• Computer Physics Communications (phcpc.bst)
• International Atomic Energy Agency Conferences (phiaea.bst)
• IEEE with annotations(IEEEannot.bst)
• Journal of Computational Physics (phjcp.bst)
• Journal of Quality Technology (jqt1999.bst)
• Nuclear Fusion
• Nuclear Fusion Letters
• Optical Society of America (osa.bst)
• Physics of Fluids
• Reviews of Modern Physics (amsrmp.bst)
• Physical Review (covers A, B, C, D, E, Special Topics, Focus, and Letters) (apsrev.bst)
• Translate Physics Journals Initials into Full Names
• American Political Science Review (apsr-new.bst)
• Sorted (gost71s.bst)
• Unsorted (gost71u.bst)
• Sorted (gost780s.bst)
• Unsorted (gost780u.bst)
• American Journal of Sociology (ajs.bst)
• American Sociological Review (asr.bst)

MSU Libraries

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• Writing in LaTeX

Introduction to BibTeX

Creating a bibtex file, adding a bibtex library to your document, using the biblatex package to cite, changing citation styles.

• Creating Accessible LaTeX Documents
• Additional Help
• LaTeX Templates

Using Citation Managers with LaTex

Although some people manage their citations in BibTex, a citation manager can still be extremely helpful for organizing and keeping track of your citations. Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote all allow you to export citations to BibTex.

For help with choosing a citation manager see:

• Comparing Citation Managers

For instructions on how to export to BibTex from a citation manager see:

• University of British Columbia's LaTeX Guide This guide to LaTeX includes instructions on how to export BibTeX files from Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote.

LaTex allows you to manage citations within your document through the use of a separate bibtex file ( filename.bib ). Bibtex files follow a standard syntax that allow you to easily reference the citations included in that file through the use of a bibliography management package. There are multiple bibliography management packages that you can use to manage citations. This guide will demonstrate how to use biblatex which allows for the most customization.

Example BibTeX file:

@article{grimberg,    author = {Grimberg, Bruna Irene and Hand, Brian},    title = {Cognitive Pathways: Analysis of students' written texts for science understanding},    journal = {International Journal of Science Education},    volume = {31},    number = {4},    pages = {503-521},    ISSN = {0950-0693},    DOI = {10.1080/09500690701704805},    url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690701704805 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09500690701704805?needAccess=true},    year = {2009},    type = {Journal Article} }

You can always create BibTeX files manually. However, many databases and citation managers allow you to export bibtex files that can then be uploaded into your LaTeX environment.

• Digital Measure's guide to exporting BibTeX files

To add a bibtex file to your LaTex document, you can either create a new file in your Overleaf environment or upload a .bib file to the environment.

To start using the biblatex package to cite, we first need to add the package and establish the BibTex file we are using in the preamble of the document.

\usepackage[backend=biber, style=numeric, citestyle=authoryear]{biblatex}

\addbibresource{references.bib}

To create in text citation within your document, we can use the cite command ( \cite{citationkey} ) and include the citation key in the argument. The citation key can be found by looking up the first word included in the relevant citation within the BibTex file. These can always be updated by editing the BibTex file.

You can cite authors in line by using the cite command \cite{grimberg}.

We can then simply print the bibliography at the end of the document.

\printbibliography

Biblatex supports most common citation styles. To change the citation style in your document you have to edit the citestyle command of the biblatex package in the preamble.

\usepackage[backend=biber, style=numeric, citestyle=apa ]{biblatex}

You can also update the way the bibliography is sorted by adding a sorting command of the biblatex package.

\usepackage[backend=biber, style=numeric, citestyle=authoryear, sorting=nty ]{biblatex}

For more information on editing biblatex citation styles, see:

• Overleaf's Guide to Biblatex Citation Styles
• << Previous: Writing in LaTeX
• Next: Creating Accessible LaTeX Documents >>
• Last Updated: Oct 14, 2022 7:57 PM
• URL: https://libguides.lib.msu.edu/latex

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LaTeX forum ⇒ BibTeX, biblatex and biber ⇒ Problem with bibliography style - Overleaf Topic is solved

Problem with bibliography style - overleaf.

Post by MarthaS92 » Wed May 12, 2021 9:56 am

Problem with bibliography style - Overleaf   Topic is solved

Post by Ijon Tichy » Wed May 12, 2021 10:03 am

Post by MarthaS92 » Wed May 12, 2021 10:13 am

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Bib L a T e X

This topic contains packages for Bib L a T e X bibliography support.

Selecting a Bibliography Style

The appearance of citations and the bibliography in documents created with LaTeX is determined by the LaTeX commands in your document. With these commands you select the desired package and citation style. Citavi citation styles cannot be used with LaTeX documents.

It's very important to keep in mind the distinction between BibTeX and the more modern Biblatex, since both require different commands. In Citavi, make sure to select the corresponding export: BibTeX or BibLaTeX.

For additional details concerning bibliography styles and packages, it's worth taking a look at the original documentation linked in each section below.

Please note

Citavi cannot provide support for the use and creation of BibTeX and biblatex bibliography styles.

BibTeX formats the citations and the bibliography for your document using the .bib file exported from Citavi in conjunction with a bibliography style. You'll usually have to run latex and bibTeX several times. A good overview of how to use BibTeX can be found in the document TameTheBeast .

• Classical BibTeX bibliography styles

The classical BibTeX bibliography styles ( plain , unsrt , abbrv , alpha ) are English-language styles that apply English-language capitalization rules. To avoid this, in Citavi you can export your .bib file with the option Place capital letters in braces . However, it's better to choose a style meant for the language you are using. For example, for a German-language bibliography, you could choose one of the DIN-1505 styles.

To select the style in your document, use the command \bibliographystyle{Style name} . Insert the command \bibliography{Name of the bib file without the file extension} where you want the bibliography to appear.

If you're using the classical styles (which all use reference numbers), we recommend loading the cite package with the command \usepackage{cite} in your document's preamble.

If you want to cite using the author-date format, the natbib package is a good alternative. Please note that this package requires alternative cite commands ( \citet , \citep , …) in order to display the in-text citations correctly. However, these commands are common among other packages as well, so it's usually not difficult to switch later on. Use the BibTeX - natbib , export filter in Citavi to ensure that fields are correctly mapped.

To use natbib for an author-date style with normal parentheses, load the package \usepackage{natbib} in your document preamble. Additional options are not necessary.

Just like with the classical BibTeX styles, a bibliography style has to be selected with \bibliographystyle{...} . The following bibliography styles are available in natbib: plainnat, abbrvnat and unsrtnat.

The apacite package reflects the sixth edition of the APA style guidelines. If you load the package with the option natbibapa , you can use the same cite command as in natbib , which makes it easier to switch to another style later on if you need to: \usepackage[natbibapa]{apacite} . The natbib package does not need to be loaded separately. Select \bibliographystyle{apacite} as the bibliography style.

The jurabib package is primarily for German-language legal citation. In Citavi use the BibTeX - jurabib export filter to ensure that fields are mapped correctly. The package can be loaded with \usepackage{jurabib} and the corresponding bibliography style can be loaded with \bibliographystyle{jurabib} .

• Custom styles

BibTeX bibliography styles are created in a unique descriptive style that is difficult to learn. The package custombib makes it slightly easier to create styles using an interactive command line in the Windows command prompt that's opened with latex makebst . This method is also only recommended for advanced LaTeX users.

In contrast to BibTeX, if the package biblatex is used, the formatting of the citations and the bibliography are controlled by the LaTeX commands and not by a descriptive language. In conjunction with biber , a new implementation of the bibtex program, it offers these advantages:

• Unicode/UTF-8 support
• No insufficient memory errors
• More flexible sorting and better handling of complex names
• Bibliographies for individual chapters can be created easily

In your editor, make sure that you select that biber should be used instead of bibtex to create the document. You can find additional information in the corresponding guide or here .

If you're using biblatex make sure to use the BibLaTeX export filter in Citavi.

Load the package in the preamble with \usepackage{biblatex} . Use \bibliography{Name of the bib file without the file extension} to specify the .bib file. Please note that (in contrast to BibTeX) no bibliography will be created. You'll need to use the \printbibliography command in your document.

Usually you'll also load additional packages that make it easier to work with biblatex, such as babel for language support and csquotes for quotation marks. For an author-date style that sorts alphabetically by author, year, and title, the document could look like the following:

\documentclass{scrartcl} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[ngerman]{babel} \usepackage{csquote} \usepackage[style=authoryear, sorting=nyt]{biblatex} \bibliography{DEMO-information-literacy} \begin{document}   Normal citation: \cite[5]{Andretta.2004} Citation in parentheses: \parencite[219]{Bawden.2001} Citation in the footnote: \footcite{Bruce.1999} In-text citation: \textcite{Goad.2002}   \printbibliography \end{document}

Instead of the cite commands in the examples above, the natbib commands can be used if biblatex is loaded with the natbib=true option.

The APA style is also available for biblatex: biblatex-apa .