apa itu esp english for specific purposes

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ENGLISH FOR SPESIFIC PURPOSES

Informasi umum.

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) merupakan kursus yang dirancang khusus untuk memenuhi kebutuhan komunikasi bahasa Inggris yang tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh program reguler Pusbamulya. Program ini didesain dengan tema spesifik dan relevan untuk bidang kerja atau tujuan tertentu sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan permintaan klien serta memberikan kesempatan belajar dan mempraktikkan kosakata yang berhubungan dengan bidang atau keahlian tertentu. Program ini meliputi program English for Office Communication, English for Nursing, English for Marketing, English for Finance, English for Banking, English for Navy, English for Tourism , dan lain-lain.

Jumlah Pertemuan

16 pertemuan & 2 tes

100 menit / pertemuan

Tarif Kursus

• UNAIR’S ELPT
• ENGLISHSCORE

Pelatihan Bahasa

• ELPT PREPARATION
• GENERAL ENGLISH CONVERSATION
• ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES ( ESP )
• BIPA ( BAHASA INDONESIA BAGI PENUTUR ASING )
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Ingin Cepat Kuasai Bahasa Inggris? Yuk Intip Program English For Specific Purposes

• Februari 17, 2022
• No Comments

Bahasa Inggris adalah salah satu bahasa yang paling digunakan di berbagai belahan dunia. Banyak yang salah menganggap belajar bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua merupakan cara belajar mudah dan cepat.

Faktanya, pelajar dewasa yang tidak berbicara bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa ibu, membutuhkan setidaknya 600 jam praktek yang berhubungan dengan instruksi berkualitas dan 600 jam berbicara agar dapat disebut mahir berbahasa asing di lingkungan kerja.

Mengapa Karyawan perlu Menguasai Bahasa Inggris?

Berada di era globalisasi, mahir berbahasa Inggris merupakan investasi menguntungkan. Belajar bahasa Inggris bagi seorang karyawan akan membuka gerbang lebih luas agar bisa memperoleh peluang pekerjaan lebih baik.

Selain itu, belajar bahasa Inggris menunjukkan perkembangan personal dan profesional. Keuntungan terbesar belajar bahasa Inggris bagi karyawan adalah mendapatkan akses pengetahuan yang dibagikan dunia.

Semua jenis pekerjaan dengan tawaran posisi hingga staf junior atau manajer, kemampuan berkomunikasi bahasa Inggris sangat penting. Perusahaan-perusahaan yang mulai menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa di kantor akan menarik lebih banyak minat berbeda, apalagi bahasa Inggris merupakan the language of innovation , bikin semua karyawan jadi lebih inovatif.

Dalam dunia kerja, terdapat sejumlah peralatan online untuk kolaborasi online, konferensi fisik, atau TED talks yang membantu membangun komunikasi kasual di kantor multinasional, untuk semua karyawan bahkan di lokasi pekerjaan berbeda. Semua itu hanya dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahasa sama, bahasa Inggris.

Bahasa Inggris merupakan hal kritis untuk mengakses hal-hal terkait belajar sesuatu yang baru dan sangat penting untuk penyesuaian diri. Dunia kerja terus berubah, adanya budaya fundamental yang berganti membuat karyawan wajib meningkatkan kemampuannya, salah satunya yaitu melalui bahasa.

Apa itu English for Specific Purposes?

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) adalah pembelajaran dan penggunaan bahasa Inggris pada bidang khusus sesuai kebutuhan profesi penggunanya. Bidang ilmu dan profesi tersebut misalnya ekonomi, teknik mesin, ataupun maritim.

Pengajaran bahasa Inggris dengan tujuan spesifik ini punya pendekatan dan asumsi yang tidak bisa disamakan dengan pembelajaran General English (GE). Tujuan ESP yaitu membuat peserta didik bisa menguasai bahasa Inggris sesuai bidang yang mereka pilih. Contoh, kamu adalah karyawan di sebuah perusahaan bidang kimia, maka kamu bisa mengambil program ESP untuk belajar bahasa Inggris yang digunakan pada bidang tersebut.

Kelebihan English for Specific Purposes Dibanding Kursus Bahasa Inggris Lain

ESP secara umum berguna untuk pengajaran bahasa asing untuk kegunaan tertentu. Kelebihan belajar ESP adalah membuat kamu belajar bahasa Inggris sebagai alat komunikasi, secara lisan atau tulisan, sesuai kebutuhan.

ESP adalah pendekatan, metode, dan konsep yang tidak sama dengan pengajaran bahasa Inggris lainnya seperti General English atau GE. ESP merupakan pendekatan yang punya pendekatan, desain, evaluasi, materi, tujuan, dan persepsi berbeda. Belajar ESP membuat kamu memperoleh materi dan silabus yang memang dirancang khusus sesuai kebutuhan khusus di bidang ilmu spesifik.

Manfaat English for Specific Purposes untuk Karyawan

Para manajer harus berinteraksi dengan partner kerja atau klien di luar negeri lebih sering dibandingkan berinteraksi dengan staf junior. Itulah mengapa penting sekali praktek speaking bahasa Inggris.

Selain itu, skill bahasa Inggris sangatlah penting sehingga siapa saja yang mempunyai keunggulan tersebut seringkali dipromosikan pada posisi manajerial. Bagi tingkat senior, dengan meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa Inggris akan membantu perusahaan memberikan informasi lebih cepat di lembaganya.

Serta, dapat mempermudah akses mencari bakat-bakat yang bervariasi walaupun belajar bahasa Inggris tidaklah mudah dan cepat, tetapi belajar merupakan investasi terbaik. Pada akhirnya, kemahiran bahasa Inggris akan selalu diminati.

Jadi, sebagai seorang karyawan wajib mempunyai skill penting ini agar bisa tetap kompetitif. Para profesional butuh terus berinteraksi dengan pelanggan dan rekan kerjanya, dan banyak juga yang harus tertinggal di belakang karena mengabaikan pentingnya bahasa Inggris.

Program English for Specific Purposes di Jagobahasa

Pengen Jago Bahasa Inggris walaupun sibuk kerja?

Yuk, atur waktu kamu dengan belajar lebih mudah di English for Specific Purposes bersama Jagobahasa. Kamu bisa memilih kelas Private atau kelas Private Group. Dengan biaya mulai dari Rp995.000 saja, kamu sudah bisa langsung ambil kelas private . Belajar jadi lebih fokus karena hanya kamu dan teacher , bisa request materi sesuai kebutuhan pula!

Selama bergabung di kelas ESP ini, kamu akan belajar secara intensif dari Senin sampai Jumat. Setiap pertemuan, durasinya adalah 60 menit. Kalau kamu masih punya waktu luang, kamu bisa mengakses hingga 60+ video pembelajaran dengan masa akses seumur hidup, gratis!

Jago Bahasa menyediakan program ESP dengan dukungan silabus dan modul pembelajaran. Setelah kelas selesai, kamu bisa memperoleh English Fluency. Ada certified and experienced teacher yang siap membimbing kamu belajar. Juga, ada grup Telegram yang aktif 24 jam non-stop untuk kuis dan diskusi bareng, loh!

Jangan cepat puas dengan jabatanmu sekarang. Bisa saja jabatan tersebut digantikan oleh junior yang lebih punya potensi karena kemampuan berbahasa Inggrisnya lebih pro dari kamu loh!

Yuk, segara gabung program ESP di Jagobahasa ya!

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Tinggalkan balasan batalkan balasan, artikel lainnya, belajar grammar di jagobahasa biar makin advance ngomong bahasa inggris, program kursus bahasa inggris untuk mahasiswa – jagobahasa, kursus bahasa inggris dewasa online jagobahasa, toefl ibt practice test jagobahasa.

English for Specific Purposes

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) merupakan program yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi Bahasa Inggris secara efektif dan benar dalam bidang yang ditekuni. Program ini difokuskan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan bidang yang ingin dikuasai.

Di era digital saat ini, setiap individu mudah untuk mengakses segala informasi cukup dengan smartphone, bahkan memudahkan mereka dalam berkomunikasi juga. Hal tersebut pun memberikan peluang baru bagi perkembangan bisnis di seluruh negara.

Sekarang sudah banyak ditemui sebagian besar perusahaan yang melebarkan sayap bisnis di pasar global. Tidak sedikit dari mereka telah memiliki konsumen setia. Tingkat kesadaran dan ketertarikan dari khalayak luas ini dipicu oleh pemasaran yang dilakukan secara online.

Namun kesempatan bisnis yang cukup besar, memerlukan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas dan pastinya mampu berkomunikasi dengan jaringan lebih luas. Dengan begitu, karyawan akan berkontribusi baik untuk kemajuan perusahaan.

Oleh karena itu, ESQ English Course menawarkan program untuk meningkatkan SDM agar lebih berkualitas, yaitu English Specific Purpose

Contoh dari program ESP ini diantaranya:

• English for Medical Professionals,
• English for Marketing,
• English for Academic, dan masih banyak yang lainnya.

Program ESP memiliki 2 pilihan jenis kelas, Private Training dan Corporate Training dengan detail sebagai berikut:

• Private Training – Peserta minimal 1 orang (one-on-one session) – Jadwal fleksibel, menyesuaikan keinginan partisipan
• Corporate Training – Peserta minimal 3 orang – Jadwal dapat disesuaikan (1 atau 2 kali seminggu)

English for Medical Professionals

Program yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi Bahasa Inggris secara efektif dalam bidang medis dan kesehatan. Program ini difokuskan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan paramedis di lingkungan pekerjaan.

English for Marketing

Program yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi Bahasa Inggris secara efektif dalam bidang marketing atau pemasaran. Program ini difokuskan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan sales dan marketing di lingkungan pekerjaan.

English for Academic

Program yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunkasi Bahasa Inggris secara efektif dalam bidang pendidikan akademik baik di tingkat sekolah maupun universitas. Program ini difokuskan dan disesuaikan dengan kurikulum serta kebutuhan civitas academica.

ESQ English Course memiliki banyak program lainnya yang menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan klien. Customized program menjadi andalan EEC sehingga membuatnya begitu eksklusif bersadarkan need analysis. Selengkapnya hubungi kami segera.

Keunggulan yang ESQ English Course tawarkan dengan adanya program ESP adalah sebagai berikut :

● Pre-test (TOEFL-Like atau TOEIC-Like) ● Course Outline program ● Exclusive customized module ● Sertifikat kursus bahasa Inggris ● Tes progress dan final ● Laporan akhir program ● CD rekaman evaluasi tes final/akhir

Program ESP menyediakan fasilitas yang mendukung sistem pembelajaran menjadi lebih baik antara lain:

● Metode pembelajaran dari pengajar yang menerapkan Communicative Language Learning yang berfokus pada fluency atau kefasihan komunikasi ● Grup online yang memudahkan peserta berkomunikasi di luar jadwal kelas ● Sumber materi variatif dan otentik: artikel surat kabar, majalah atau buku, audio visual seperti lagu dan video, proyektor presentasi ● Kontrol kualitas terhadap kemajuan Bahasa Inggris peserta diadakan 2 kali assessment

CLIENT ESQ COURSE

ESQ English Course merupakakan lembaga Kursus Bahasa Inggris, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Jepang serta test TOEIC/TOEFL.

Keunggulan kami adalah program yang dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan setiap organisasi, perusahaan atau individu.

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Penerapan English for Specific Purpose

Deskripsi: Dunia kini menjadi lebih dari sebuah komunitas global melalui jejaring yang sangat luas dan tautan media sosial. Hal ini tentu membuat kebutuhan dalam meningkatkan pemahaman dan meningkatkan komunikasi di antara semua warga negara menjadi lebih mendesak. Pertukaran ide dan gagasan internasional untuk mengatasi masalah krusial sangatlah penting.

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) secara umum dimaknai sebagai sebuah pendekatan pembelajaran bahasa Inggris yang berbasis pada tujuan/kebutuhan si pembelajar. Dalam konteks pembelajaran bahasa Inggris di Indonesia baik pada sekolah menengah maupun perguruan tinggi, terutama bagi peserta didik di luar jurusan bahasa Inggris, pendekatan ESP merupakan pilihan populer. Banyak definisi disematkan untuk ESP. Beberapa orang menggambarkan ESP sebagai pengajaran bahasa Inggris untuk tujuan apa pun yang mungkin sudah ditentukan. Namun, yang lainnya menggambarkannya sebagai pembelajaran bahasa Inggris yang digunakan dalam studi akademis atau pengajaran bahasa Inggris untuk tujuan kejuruan atau professional. Selain itu juga sebagai pengajaran bahasa Inggris untuk penutur bahasa Inggris non-native yang belajar bahasa Inggris untuk tujuan tertentu.

Karena alasan ini, semakin banyak orang yang berusaha meningkatkan keterampilan bahasa Inggris mereka untuk alasan akademis atau profesional yang sangat spesifik. Mata kuliah yang termasuk dalam judul English for Specific Purposes (ESP) memiliki daya tarik khusus bagi para mahasiswa saat ini. Jenis mata kuliah bahasa Inggris ini dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akademis atau profesional khususnya pelajar. Contoh ESP adalah mata kuliah bahasa Inggris untuk bisnis atau hukum. Setiap kurikulum berpusat pada bahasa dan peristilahan khusus untuk bidang tersebut, sambil mengajarkan tata bahasa, kosakata, gaya komunikasi, dan keterampilan menyampaikannya.

Jika para penggiat ESP berharap untuk tumbuh dan berkembang di masa depan, maka secara keseluruhan harus memahami apa yang sebenarnya diwakili oleh ESP dalam implementasinya. Hanya dengan itulah, anggota baru dapat bergabung dengan percaya diri, dan anggota yang sudah ada menjalankan praktik yang telah membawa ESP ke posisinya dalam pengajaran EFL saat ini.

Apa perbedaan ESP dari mata kuliah bahasa Inggris lain bisa dilihat dari beberapa perspektif berikut:

• Kata-kata dan kalimat bahasa Inggris yang dipelajari, pokok bahasan yang dibahas, semuanya berhubungan dengan bidang atau disiplin tertentu, misalnya, pengacara yang menulis ringkasan, atau diplomat yang menyiapkan kebijakan. Mata kuliah ini memanfaatkan kosakata dan tugas yang terkait dengan bidang tersebut, seperti keterampilan negosiasi dan teknik yang efektif untuk presentasi lisan.
• Program Bahasa Inggris untuk Tujuan Khusus (ESP) menggunakan materi yang dirancang khusus untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kelompok pelajar tertentu, biasanya jenjang pendidikan tinggi.
• Biaya kuliah untuk mata kuliah ESP mungkin sedikit lebih tinggi daripada bahasa Inggris umum. (Pengajaran khusus, membutuhkan profesional, berbagai kegiatan dan fasilitas pendukung menjelaskan biaya yang lebih tinggi ini.)

Terlepas dari perbedaan durasi dan biaya program English for Specific Purpose tersebut, kelas-kelas ESP ini memiliki tujuan yang sama: meningkatkan keterampilan dan kepercayaan diri mahasiswa dalam menggunakan bahasa Inggris terutama dalam bidang yang lebih spesifik.

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The Essence of English for Specific Purposes

by Galina Plesca (Ciudin)

Conferința științifică internațională, Perspectivele și Problemele Integrării în Spațiul European al Cercetării și Educației, Vol II

The present paper is an attempt to understand the essence of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) by studying various language specialists’ efforts to define it, tracing its evolution and presenting its distinctive characteristics. Being a branch of English Language Teaching (ELT), its focus is narrower than that of EGP (English for General Purposes) and in contrast to EGP, ESP is determined by specific learning needs of the language learner. Although, there have been contradictions as to what ESP is, Hutchinson and Waters improved absolute and variable characteristics helped significantly in resolving arguments about what is ESP. Thus, ESP refers to the teaching and learning of English where the aim of the learners is to use English in a particular academic, professional or occupational domain, focusing on learners’ special needs. Key-words: ESP, EGP, special needs, absolute characteristics, variable characteristics

Free Related PDFs

Prof. Dr. Choudhary Z A H I D Javid

Abstract The present study is an attempt to understand English for Specific Purposes (ESP): an extremely significant branch of ELT by encompassing various linguists’ efforts to define it, tracing its historical growth, discussing its characteristics, and trying to find out its scope and purpose to address the specific needs of EFL/ESL learners. Though lots of contradicting views have been reported in defining ESP but there seems an agreement finally that it is confined to the teaching of English to the learners who have specific goals and purposes: these goals might be professional, academic or scientific. Thus it is not the specific discipline that is primary in ESP but the specific goal of specific learners. The same has been reinforced by the discussion related to its absolute and variable characteristics. Historical growth of ESP has also been traced and it has been reported that though it is considered a modern approach ESP textbooks existed even in the sixteenth century. It is found out that the purpose of an ESP course is to enable learners to function adequately in the target situation. Thus an ESP program should be aim-directed, learnerdirected and situation-directed. An ESP course should have the following three features a) authentic material, b) purpose-related orientation and c) self-direction. Keywords: English for specific purposes, characteristics, specific needs, authentic material

Abdullah Zahran

This paper aims to explore the necessity of designing “ESP” courses based on the essential approaches as the learner’s needs analysis in order to improve the teaching atmosphere by providing a new learning context depending on students real needs. When the exceptional rapid expansion of science, business and technology called for an international language for specialists, “ESP” has witnessed a speedy and firm development, becoming nowadays one of the most important branches of English Language Teaching (ELT). In this paper the researcher attempts to provide a brief definition of English for Specific Purpose (ESP), and its ultimate relation with learner’s needs analysis(LNA), learner’s center approach and communicative approach which are essential in ESP syllabus design and mostly considered to be in appropriateness with the general objective of ESP courses “to enable learners to function adequately in a target situation”. Thus, that vital relation constructs the basis for ESP course...

Ewa Donesch-Jezo

In this present age of rapidly developing international scientific collaboration and business, courses of foreign language for specialist purposes are becoming more and more popular. These courses are conducted on the basis of the approach called English for Specific Purposes (ESP). This approach assumes that the language teaching will be adjusted to the specific linguistic and communicative needs of the particular learners with special attention being paid to the context in which they use, or will use, English language. In order to tailor the course to the learners' needs, the ESP course should be preceded by an analysis of the learners' needs as related to their future professional work and plans for the future, as well as to their preferred styles of learning. This needs analysis should also include within its scope some target situation analysis, which means the identifying of the features of the particular situations in which the students will use the foreign language, and also some discourse analysis, that is to say, the analysis of the language used in these situations. The source of information on the students' needs are students themselves, and both their teachers and their future employers. Methods of collecting the information include questionnaires, interviews and talks. All these procedures aim at maximization of the effectiveness of the teaching process. The aim of this work is to present both a theoretical and a practical basis for the methodology which underpins courses of ESP, and explain what makes them different from courses of General English, as well as considering some of the methodological implications for language teachers. Introduction After the collapse of communism in Poland in 1989, a great trend has been observed within the country in the learning of the English language, especially the English language necessary for academic or professional purposes. The reason for this has been related to the opportunities given to scholars and students to participate in international conferences and projects, as well as the opportunities for them to teach and to study at prominent universities abroad. The work market abroad has been opened up for Polish specialists in various professions. With the inclusion of Poland to the European Union in 2004, the borders were abolished and visa-free tourism developed rapidly. However, in order to be able to function actively in all these enterprises a good command not only of general English, but also specialist English, is required. This includes the knowledge of vocabulary and linguistic structures used in the target academic and work settings. Nowadays, in this era of global scientific and professional cooperation where English is the leading language both for communication and for the dissemination of knowledge, the need for the courses teaching of a specialist English language (ESP) is stronger than ever before. As a result of all this English for Specific Purposes has developed into being one of the most prominent branches of EFL. There are two main areas in ESP: English for Academic Purposes (EAP), which prepares students for studying in foreign universities, and English for Occupational/Professional Purposes (EOP/EPP), which prepares learners for functioning in a particular profession. It covers subjects ranging from engineering, law, medicine or computer science to tourism and business management. The general classification of ESP courses, according to the scientific disciplines or professional areas they cover, is shown in Figure 1.

Laurence Anthony

1997, Retrieved November

Abstract This article aims at presenting insights regarding the peculiar role of learners, teachers and teaching methodologies to address to the specific needs of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) programmes. It has been found out that adulthood teaching demands that ESP teaching should not be restricted only to instructional setting but other modes, such as self-access study, project work, cooperative learning etc. should be incorporated in the program. It has also been reported that ESP learners should be actively involved in the process of the choice of the content materials, curriculum development and teaching methodology to ensure maximum commitment and motivation of the program participants. The following five key roles have been identified for ESP practitioners who need to discharge their work as a 1) teacher, 2) course designer and material provider, 3) collaborator, 4) researcher and 5) evaluator. ESP teachers have to bear the extra burden of the content area of the learners as well. Additionally ESP practitioners have a challenging task because they are not in the position of being the 'primary knower' of the carrier content and in most of the cases ESP learners may know more about the content than the teachers. The findings strongly suggest that ESP teaching calls for an extremely professional behavior on part of ESP teachers who need to update their knowledge by remaining constantly in touch with the research in the various fields of ESP. It is suggested that no single teaching methodology can be sufficient to address diverse and peculiar needs of ESP learners and ESP practitioners have to pick and choose from a host of teaching methodologies to run an effective ESP course. It may be summed up that as the learners’ personalities as well as the learning contexts are diverse and specific, there is an unavoidable need to choose matching pedagogical methodologies. Key words: English for Specific Purposes; Practitioner; ESP learners; Needs Analysis

Anca Moanga

Introduction: English for Specific Purposes - generally shortened to ESP - is a part of teaching the English language that includes Business English, Technical English, Scientific English, English for medical professionals, English for waiters, etc. In other words, teaching / learning ESP actually means focusing on meeting the specific needs of learners in terms of their professional activity or study discipline. As such and given the specificity of the teaching / learning situation, it may use a methodology that differs entirely or partially from that used when teaching General English. Aims: The purpose of this article is to highlight and present not only the challenges faced when teaching such courses, but also the strategies and means of making the most of this learning situation.. Materials and methods: The teacher must at all times bear in mind the particularities of the educational situation , which, on the one hand, translate into a need for teaching language appropriate to ...

Tira Nur Fitria

JET ADI BUANA

This article will provide 1) general overview and course design of English for Specific Purposes in the field of ELT (English Language Teaching), 2) the role of teacher and student in English for Specific Purposes (ESP), and 3) the difficulties related to teacher, student, environment and others in teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP). In the field of English Language Teaching (ELT), English for Specific Purposes (ESP) concerns the specific English language needs of the target learners/students. It refers to teaching a specific genre of English for students with specific goals which is oriented and focused on English teaching and learning. ESP is designed and developed based on an assessment of purposes and needs and the activities for which English is needed. There are many teacher’s roles, such as asking to organize courses, setting the learning objectives, establishing a positive learning environment and evaluating the students' progress. While, the learners are relat...

Ram Krishna Singh

Dr momtazur Rahman

Shahid Abrar-ul-Hassan

2012, Journal of the IATEFL ESP SIG

This review article attempts to tackle the fundamental questions in ESP practice and will also provide a methodological framework for designing and implementing ESP courses. In recent times, the ESP approach has cogently exerted its influence on language teaching practice around the world, especially in the EFL setting. This article captures the development of the ESP approach and specifically examines how ESP is differentiated from general English teaching. The ESP approach is centered on the premise that learners’ needs and wants are fully addressed. A typical ESP course incorporates authentic materials, specialized linguistic resources and communicative training. ESP course development and implementation is a spiraling, cyclical progression, which is based on a set of essential curricular procedures. This article offers a concise overview of the principles and practices of the ESP approach while focusing particularly on the pedagogy.

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selcuk koran

The aim of this study is to investigate the most common challenges that the teachers of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) face while developing an ESP course or during the teaching process. To achieve the goal of this paper, some of the main ESP theories directly related to this study are introduced and analyzed. It was found out that the most common challenges an ESP teacher encounters are; selecting the teaching materials, designing a course, lack of collaboration with the subject teachers and learners' low general English level which have been discussed in detail in this paper. In addition, this study tries to provide possible solutions to these challenges obtained from the data collected from the survey, from the literature review and theory. Moreover, this study tries to emphasize the importance of the in depth needs analysis, which can be carried out before the ESP courses. The main source of this study was the survey which was carried out among the teachers of ESP at Ishik University (IU) and Fezalar Educational Institution (FEI) in Iraq.

Ana Bocanegra-Valle

iftikhar ahmad

Pablo Rojas Mena

This forum paper is based on a friendly and informative interview conducted with Professor Ann M. Johns. In providing answers to the interview questions, Professor Johns suggests that all good teaching is ESP, and also distinguishes between EOP and ESP in that the former entails much more “just in time” learning while the latter may be directed more at “just in case.” She further adds ‘context’ as the sixth enduring conception to the list of the five concepts which, according to Swales (1990), underlie ESP. She further suggests that (a) Register Analysis, (b) Rhetorical Discourse Analysis, (c) Target Language Use Situation Analysis, and (d) Genre Analysis have had a major role in the development of ESP. As for CBI or CLIL, she suggests that there is much more to ESP than content, and emphasizes that ESP can account for the changing needs of learners in the twenty-first century by employing effective on-going needs assessment and target situation analysis. Towards the end of the inte...

Lan Nguyễn Hương

SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY

The increasing demand of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has resulted in the need for a lingua franca of science, technology, education, and business. The field of ESP has promptly flourished recently to play an important part in English language teaching and research. Accordingly, the desires to master technical terms to meet job requirements force people to know ESP rather than basic English for daily communication. Researches on teaching and learning ESP have been conducted widely not only in Vietnam but other countries by high prestigious scholars and knowledgeable researchers with the main purpose to figure out the most effective approaches, which enables educators, teachers and learners as well to adapt the best teaching methods to accomplish their wishes. Based on material research methodology, an overview of studies on teaching and learning ESP both inside and outside Vietnam, as well as background knowledge on ESP teaching and learning, the researcher indicates the chal...

2006, The International Handbook of English language education Vol 1.

Mohammad Ali Salmani Nodoushan

2020, Studies in English Language and Education

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) began around fifty years ago as a result of pressing worldwide demands for fast-paced language training in occupational and professional settings, rapid revolutions in theoretical linguistics, and burgeoning pressures on schools and educators to focus on, and to be responsive to, learners' needs. It started within the field of English Language Teaching (ELT) but has gradually established itself as an autonomous subfield of Applied Linguistics (AL). This paper will review the origins, evolution, and status quo of ESP, and then predict the future directions of this important field. The theoretical, analytical, and methodological evolutions of ESP are reviewed, the positions of genre analysis, target language use situation analysis, and context in ESP are described, the 'just-in-case' EAP and 'just-in-time' EOP approaches are compared, and the text-first and context-first approaches to discourse structure analysis are compared. The paper predicts that ESP will adopt a wide-angled epistemological stance to survey the (a) discursive, (b) generic, (c) social, and (d) organizational structures of specialized texts and discourses, as well as those of texts and discourses simplified for the popularization of science, in a systematic and contextualized manner. ESP practitioners are also warned about the potential threats of teaching genres of power within ESP.

Arab World English Journal (AWEJ)

A Comprehensive Method for Teaching English for Specific Purpose Muhammed Ali Chalikandy Department of English Al Buraimi University College Buraimi, Sultanate of Oman Abstract English for Specific Purpose (ESP) is a market driven, need oriented and purpose driven course but a snap shot of an ESP classroom in gulf countries will reveal that it is often taught on the line of teaching General English focusing on language teaching methods. ESP teachers often forget that ESP has some distinguishing features unlike General English. ESP is a separate activity within English Language Teaching (ELT) with its own approach, material and methodology by adapting and integrating with other disciplines and it encourages learner investment and participation. Since ESP uses distinctive approaches, materials and methods based on learners’ specific needs, ESP practitioners must assess learners’ needs, design course, develop materials, choose appropriate instruction and implement it to satisfy the identified needs of the learners. Therefore, just knowledge of language system and ability to deliver this is not enough for an ESP teacher. This article is going to delineate how to teach an ESP course successfully. Keywords: ESP, need, design course, develop materials, evaluation

SMART M O V E S J O U R N A L IJELLH

Abstract English language is considered as lingua franca of our world. Its role is paramount throughout the world. The breakthrough of technology and use of English language made everybody to communicate throughout the world. The concept of communication has changed the scenario making English a part or a medium of communication skills. This paper throws a light on the English Language Teaching, the methods and approaches followed to teach the learners of professional education to master and acquire English language for their professional and functional purposes. The study is on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) an approach of ELT and its trends particularly in reference to Target Situation Analysis and Pedagogical Needs Analysis. It also discusses about the various English language learning activities that helps the learner to acquire vocabulary, grammatical structures and LSRW skills in regard to develop communication skills. Key Words: ESP, Communication Skills, Target Situation Analysis, Needs Analysis, Languag

Nataliia Nykonenko

Journal of Language Teaching and Research

Teachers’ professional and personal qualities and the latest information and communication technologies combined with student-centered teaching methods are the prerequisites for effective English language teaching. The study's objective is to design a conceptual model of active English language learning to be implemented in the course of professional training for technical specialists in academic settings. The conceptual model for teaching English for special purposes has been designed based on the descriptive method, scientific literature data analysis, and theoretical modelling technique. The method of expert evaluations was used to identify professionally significant research areas. Specific features of intensive learning technologies, which can be effectively combined in the learning process, have been identified. A modern interpretation of active learning in English as a generalized conceptual model of learning is presented. The established combination of intensive teaching...

Joseph Joonsuk Lee

Muller Edwin Oliveira

Vander Viana

2009, English for Special Purposes: Components, Criteria, Levels and Development Model

The situation in many spheres today is changing very rapidly therefore the labour market requires creative specialists with a good command of English and excellent cooperation skills who are able to make decisions and think strategically. The paper presents the results of evaluation research conducted in the largest tertiary education institution of Latvia during the five-year period (2003-2007). The goal of the present study was to develop tourism students' English for Special Purposes (ESP) competence. This report presents the designed ESP curriculum for tourism students, the created definition of ESP competence, the components of ESP competence and its levels and the model for the development of students' ESP competence. ESP competence consists of communicative, intercultural and professional competence, which develops in action and is based on students' experiences. It can be analyzed according to competence levels, based on ESP competence criteria – language for professional duties, professional thinking and abilities of intercultural communication. Students' ESP competence develops more productively if the ESP course is created taking into an account the results of the needs analysis; the studies are based on students' experiences; if cooperation and mutual trust between the students as well as the students and the educator are provided.

titik agustina

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) secara umum dimaknai sebagaisebuah pendekatan pembelajaran bahasa Inggris yang berbasis pada tujuan/kebutuhan si pembelajar. Dalam konteks pembelajaran bahasa Inggris di Indonesia baik pada sekolah menengah maupun perguruan tinggi, terutama bagi peserta didik di luar jurusan bahasa Inggris, pendekatan ESP merupakan pilihan populer. Aplikasi pendekatan ini senada pula dengan kebijakan pemerintah bidang pendidikan yang menitikberatkan tujuan pembelajaran bahasa Inggris yakni untuk meningkatkan kemampuan peserta didik menggunakan bahasa Inggris khususnya bagi kebutuhan akademis dan karir professional dengan penekanan pada kemampuan membaca yang memungkinkan peserta didik memahami topik-topik materi autentik sesuai jurusan mereka secara efektif. Artikel ini mengedepankan kajian teoritis menyangkut konsep dasar ESP meliputi definisi dan perannya sebagai sebuah pendekatan pembelajaran, berikut isu terkait diantaranya analisis kebutuhan sebagai ciri...

Jesus Garcia-Laborda , Mary Frances Litzler

2015, Onomazein

Interest in Languages for Specific Purposes (LSP) courses has grown in recent years (Harding, 2007). For this reason a paper on the current situation in the field is of relevance. The present article provides a discussion of English for Specific Purposes and it does so by reviewing the history and background of this area of teaching, proposing a definition, and describing issues affecting it today, such as course design and needs analysis, context, student and teacher characteristics, materials, and expected directions for the future.

Michael Feldman

Abstract Teaching English for Specific Purposes is a defined sub-specialty within the field of Teaching English as a Second or Other Language (TESOL). Rather than the gradual path towards full functional fluency featured in English as a Second Language, ESP aims to impart a specific, functional sub-set of the language to learners whose needs tend to be professional or job related. The author, who has spent over three decades designing and delivering ESP instruction around the world, takes readers through the step by step process of identifying situations in which ESP is needed and the stakeholders affected, and then designing, selling and implementing a program to bridge the language gap that created the situation calling for an ESP solution.

Handoyo Puji Widodo

This chapter discusses key principles of the teaching of ESP in general and of English for vocational purposes (EVP) in particular. It presents needs analysis in ESP, English for Vocational Purposes (EVP), and elements of EVP materials. These concepts provide the reader with conceptual foundations of ESP in general and EVP in particular. The chapter moves on to present Vocational English tasks that ESP teachers may adopt or adapt. Thus, the central goal of the chapter is to provide ESP practitioners with both theoretical and practical guides to designing and implementing EVP instruction in the context where English is learned as an additional language.

Lynn Mastellotto

2022, CLIL Journal of Innovation and Research in Plurilingual and Pluricultural Education

Partly because of the Bologna Declaration, the so-called English-Medium Instruction (EMI) courses in universities have undergone a strong surge in the last 15 years. This initial phase of growth in EMI has had an impact on LSP (Language for Specific Purposes) courses, which have in some cases suffered a consequent decline. This article seeks to highlight the potential of LSP to prepare students in EMI communication, support academic disciplinary skills, develop transversal skills, and foster intercultural communication. The study analyses an LSP-focused curricular design that aims to help students develop English-language communicative effectiveness for a domain-specific context: social and human services. The various integrative practices inherent in LSP instruction call attention to its potential as a harmonizing and empowering force for content- and language-integrated learning when used alongside EMI. Keywords: English-Medium Instruction (EMI); Language for Specific Purposes (LS...

Jesus Garcia-Laborda

ernita daulay

2021, VISION

English can be due to demand of Indonesian in the field of business, technology, education, and research. The implementation of ESP has revealed some factors, such as students, teachers, and ESP materials that have significant influences on the quality of teaching and learning ESP. These factors require serious attention from stakeholders and ESP practitioners to improve the quality of ESP instruction. The government language policy might emphasize the curricula of formal schools and teachers training for ESP instruction. The quality of teacher of ESP is high contributing to accommodate the teaching and learning ESP course. Besides that, the materials of ESP should be formulated by practitioners of ESP who had knowledge of ESP instruction and the aim of ESP might concern on the improvements in students' proficiency in English. Thus, the students are being better in academic and professional in the work domain. English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is one of the predominant appro...

Sevda Gül Kazar , Enisa Mede

Hoasen Huynh

This study examines English for Specific Purposes (ESP) through the highly popular format used in Jack C. Richards and T.S. Rodgers'Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching (Third Edition), which is the major reference book in methodology courses of the ELT departments throughout the world. The format involves the examination of each approach and method in terms of its theory of language and language learning, goals, syllabus, teaching activities, teacher and learner roles, materials, and classroom techniques (procedures). The study also involves suggestions on how the principles of Competency-Based Language Teaching and modular programming can be used for the syllabus design and implementation phases of ESP instruction. Öz Bu çalışmada, dünyadaki ELT bölümlerinin metodoloji derslerinin temel referans kitabı olan Jack C. Richards ve T.S. Rodgers tarafından yazılmış Dil Öğretiminde Yaklaşım ve Yöntemler (Üçüncü baskı) adlı kitabında yabancı dil öğretimi yaklaşım ve yöntemlerinin sunumunda kullanılan ve hayli de popüler olan format kullanılarak Özel Amaçlı İngilizce Eğitimi (ESP), dil kuramı, öğretim kuramı, hedefler, ders programı, öğretim etkinlikleri, öğrenci ve öğretmen rolleri, ders materyalleri ve sınıf içi uygulamalar açısından incelenmektedir. Çalışmada özellikle program geliştirme ve uygulama konusunda Yeterlik Temelli Dil Öğretimi ve modüler programlama tekniklerinin kullanımı konusunda önerilerde bulunulmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Özel Amaçlı İngilizce, Yeterlik Temelli Dil Öğretimi, Modüler Programlama, yaklaşım ve yöntemler.

Arna Gusnia

Language Value journal

2020, Language Value, Volume 12

The field of specialized English has expanded on an unprecedented scale. We have already seen that there is a plethora of research articles in specialized top journals like Journal of English for Academic Purposes and English for Specific Purposes, as well as influential volumes and handbooks: in English for Specific Purposes (ESP), publications like The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes edited by Paltridge and Starfield (2013), Introducing English for Specific Purposes by Anthony (2018); in English for Academic Purposes (EAP), publications such as the seminal collection Research Perspectives on English for Academic Purposes edited by Flowerdew and Peacock (2001), Introducing English for Academic Purposes by Charles and Pecorari (2016), and The Routledge Handbook of English for Academic Purposes edited by Hyland and Shaw (2016). The field, however, is moving so fast that many researchers and practitioners are unable to keep current with its developments and trends. Hyland and Wong"s volume, therefore, seeks to contribute to the evolving and dynamic scholarship of specialized English by gathering cutting-edge chapters on current and international perspectives on specific varieties of English. It covers a wide range of recent issues of EAP and ESP, such as English as a lingua franca, workplace English, academic interaction, practitioner identity, data-driven learning, and critical thinking. In addition, diverse genres are included, among others, research articles, workplace talks, university tutorials, builders" diaries, and personal statements.

Jeffrey Huang

Based on insights gained from developing the curriculum for Language Preparation for Employment in the Health Sciences and a review of the literature on ESP, this paper is intended to offer theoretical support for ESL instructors developing ESP curricula for ESL contexts. Background Information and Statement of Purpose

2022, Anu Books

English for specific purposes plays a significant role in facilitating people to learn English for a specific purpose. It is actually designed to meet the specific needs of the specific profile within a defined time frame. This involves a trained orientation to specific spoken and written English. English is required to carry out a specific academic and workplace tasks. In such courses and syllabi, the task and the role of teacher are very important. It is due to the fact that they act as course designers and material providers, collaborators, researchers, evaluators, and practitioners.

Pascual Pérez-Paredes

2002, Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses

This paper examines the design and implementation stages of a course of English given at the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Murcia, Spain. The course was programmed regardless of the particular individuals and no previous requirements were needed. Two initial tests were passed to the students at the beginning of the semester: the first one to evaluate their needs and motivation and the second one to measure their general communicative competence. The results were heterogeneous. The students were informed of their results and also of the level they should reach to pass the course, especially those with low marks. With respect to their motivation they manifested two orientations: Labour and integrative reasons. Taking into account their 'labour reasons' some units closely related to their speciality were included and the final evaluation was modified giving some weight also to the specific English component (75 % GE, 25 % ESAP). The analysis reveals that, according...

Elżbieta D Lesiak-Bielawska

2018, Teaching and Researching English for Specific Purposes

Teaching and Researching English for Specific Purposes has grown from my interest in English for Specific Purposes (ESP), my long-standing experience as an ESP teaching practitioner, and some own research done in the field. The significance of ESP and the need to develop linguistic competencies for specific purposes seem to arise from the growing importance of English as the contemporary lingua franca, globalization trends in today’s worlds of science, education, and business, the rise in immigration, and multiculturalism. In Europe, the rationale for programmes in Languages for Specific Purposes (LSPs), with priority given to English, appears to stem from the expansion of the common European space, the resultant increase in job and study opportunities, the transnational nature of European business, as well as the international infrastructure of the European Union, and governmental initiatives promoting multiculturalism.

Svetlana Grynyuk

2016, ScienceRise

Imad Hamdanat

This research has discussed the origins of ESP, addressed key notions about ESP and examined issues in ESP syllabus design. The content of the paper was determined by a need identified based on my experience as an ESL instructor designing and delivering the content-based language program-Language Preparation for the Cadets and Employment in the Iraqi College of Police. These issues, where possible, have been supported by current and pertinent academic literature. It is my sincerest hope that these observations will lend insight into the challenges facing the ESL instructor acting as ESP syllabus developer.

Hendriani Riestiana

Diane Belcher

2006, TESOL Quarterly

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ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSE (MATERI KULIAH ESP)

English For Specific Purposes ( ESP ) atau Bahasa Inggris untuk tujuan khusus adalah suatu pendekatan baru dalam pengajaran dan penggunaan Bahasa Inggris untuk bidang dan kajian khusus yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan bidang ilmu dan profesi pengguna Bahasa Inggris tersebut. Bidang ilmu dan profesi tersebut misalnya Bahasa Inggris untuk ilmu hukum, kedokteran, teknik mesin, ekonomi, atau maritim dan lain sebagainnya.  Robinson selanjutnya mengatakan  “ It (here ESP) is generally used to refer to the teaching and learning of a foreign language for a clearly itilitarian purpose of which there is no doubt.”

Dengan demikian, pengajaran Bahasa Inggris untuk Tujuan Khusus (English For Specific Purposes – ESP ) mempunyai pendekatan dan asumsi yang berbeda  dengan General English (GE) misalnya. Tujuan ESP adalah agar mahasiswa mampu menguasai Bahasa Inggris pada bidang yang mereka pelajari. Misalnya mahasiswa kimia, maka mereka harus memahami Bahasa Inggris untuk kimia, atau jika mereka mahasiswa teknik, mereka harus mengetahui Bahasa Inggris untuk teknik, atau jika mereka bekerja di perhotelan, maka mereka harus menguasai Bahasa Inggris perhotelan, jika mereka mahasiswa maritim, maka mereka harus menguasai Bahasa Inggris  maritim.

 ESP umumnya digunakan pada pengajaran bahasa asing untuk kegunaan tertentu pada bidang ilmu dan profesi tertentu. Tujuan ini umumnya dipahami sebagai manfaat dalam peran Bahasa Inggirs itu sebaga alat komuniksi baik lisan maupun tulisan. Maka dari itu, ESP sebaiknya dilihat sebagai pendekatan, konsep dan metode yang memang berbeda dengan Bahasa Inggris umum ( General English ). ESP adalah suatu pendekatan pengjaran Bahasa Inggris yang mempunyai pendekatan, persepsi, desain, materi, evaluasi dan tujuan yang berbeda. Materi ESP mengacu pada kebutuhan mahasiswa ( students’ needs ) dan pengguna lulusan itu sendiri. Hal senada juga  dikatakan oleh Mc Donough tentang definisi dan konsep ESP. Dia berpepndapat  “ ESP courses are those where the syllabus and materials are determined in all essentials by prior analysis of the communication needs of the learners.” [2]

Pendapat Donough mengindikasikan bahwa materi dan silabus serta tujuan ESP harus dirancang dan dikembangkan berdasarkan kebutuhan mahasiswa dan pengguna lulusan karena mahasiswa baik ketika mereka kuliah maupun ketika mereka akan bekerja materi ajar atau bahan ajar harus sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Jadi pendekatan ESP adalah pendekatan dari bawah ke atas ( button up approach ).

Dengan uraian di atas, hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ESP adalah bukan suatu produk baru, tetapi sebuah  pendekatan dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang  berbeda dengan Bahasa Inggris umum.  ESP merujuk pada pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang berorientasi kebutuhan khusus pembelajar sesuai dengan bidang ilmu dan pekerjaan. Materi ESP berbasis dan dikembangkan berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan.

• Karakteristik  English for Specific Purpose (ESP)

Sebagai suatu pendekatan baru dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris, ESP memiliki ciri dan karaketeristik yang berbeda dengan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris umum ( General English ). Karakeristik ini tentu juga berbeda secara jelas dan signifikan dengan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang lain seperti seperti English as Second Language (ESL) atau English as a Foreign Language (EFL).

Beberapa ahli ESP memberikan karakteristik dan ciri-ciri utama ESP dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang beragam dan bervariasi. (Strevens,1988) dalam Kristen Gatehouse, Key Issues in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Curriculum Development mengatakan bahwa ada empat karakteristik utama ESP sebagai pendekatan dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris yaitu a) ESP dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pembelajar, b) substansi dan isi ESP dikaitkan dengan tema dan topik  pada bidang ilmu tertentu, jenis pekerjaan atau aktivitas tertentu, c) berpusat pada bentuk kebahasaan yang sesuai dengan aktivitas dan bidang ilmu atau pekerjaan seperti sintaksis, leksikal, wacana, semantik, dan sebagainya, dan d) ESP berbeda dengan General English . [3]

Robinson selanjutnya mengatakan bahwa ada tiga ciri utama ESP yang membedakannya dengan General English atau English a Foreign Language (EFL) atau English as a Mother Tongue (EMT). Ketiga karakteristik tersebut adalah 1) ESP adalah pembelajaran yang berorientasi tujuan ( goal oriented ). Dalam konteks ini, pembelajar belajar Bahasa Inggris bukan karena alasan  ingin tahu bahasa itu sebagai bahasa dan budaya yang terkandung di dalamnya, tetapi pembelajar belajar ESP karena memiliki tujuan khusus, tertentu dan spesifik dalam bdang akademik dan profesi yang satu dengan yang lainnya.  2) Substansi ESP dirancang dan dikembangkan berdasarkan konsep analisis kebutuhan ( need analysis ). Konsep analisis kebutuhan bertujuan untuk mengkhususkan dan mengkaitkan serta mendekatkan apa yang dibutuhakan pembelajar baik dalam bidang akademik maupun profesi. 3) ESP lebih ditujukan pada pembelajar dewasa dari pada anak atau remaja. Hal ini logis karena ESP umumnya diajarkan pada tingkatan akademik menengah dan tinggi dan profesional atau tempat kerja. [4]

Agak berbeda dengan (Strevens,1988) dan Robinson, Evens dan  Maggie mengajukan karakteristik ESP dengan menggunakan dua istilah utama yaitu a) karakteristik yang absolut dan b) karakteristik variabelistik. [5]

Karakteritik absolut merupakan  karakteristik  yang hakiki dan merupakan tipikal dari ESP. Mereka lebih lanjut mengatakan  bahwa krakteristik absolut dari  ESP adalah:

ESP is designed to meet needs of the learners; ESP makes use of the underlying methodology and activities of the disciplines   it serves; ESP is centered on the language (grammar, lexis, register), skills, discourse, and genre appropriate to these activities.

Dari kutipan di atas, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa  ada tiga hal yang berkaitan dengan ESP. Pertama , ESP harus disain dan dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pembelajar. Berkaitan dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan pembelajar, mereka menambahkan  bahwa hakikat ESP memenuhi kebutuhan pembelajar berarti fokus pada kebutuhan pembelajar, berlangsung efektif, sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembelajar, dan memungkinkan pembelajar belajar dengan sukses sesuai dengan rentang waktu yang dirancang. Berkaitan dengan analisis kebutuhan agar substansi ESP benar-benar sesuai dan memenuhi kebutuhan pembelajar, (Hoadley-Maidment,1980) dalam McDonough ( 1984 ) mengemukakan ada tiga sumber informasi utama dalam melakukan analisis kebutuhan yaitu a) pengajar, b) pembelajar, dan c) stakeholder ). [6]

Kedua, ESP merealisasikan metodologi dan aktivitas sesuai dengan bidang ilmu yang ditargetkan atau dipelajari dan diajarkan. Ini artinya bahwa metode dan aktivitas yang dilakasanakan dalam pembelajaran di kelas harus sesuai dengan bidang ilmu, pekerjaan, dan profesi yang mencerminkan variasi dan beragamnya esensi dari ESP itu sendiri.

Ketiga, sebagai suatu pendekatan baru, fokus ESP adalah penggunaan kebahasaan yang tipikal ( grammar, lexis, register ), keterampilan, wacana, genre yang sesuai dengan aktivitas. Dalam hal ini cakupan kebahasaan dalam ESP baik dalam tataran, grammar, leksikal dan register dalam hal tertentu berbeda dengan Bahasa Inggris Umum ( General English ).

Di samping itu,  ciri fundamental lain dari ESP masih menurut  Evens dan Maggie adalah keterampilan berbahasa, wacana dan genre . Dalam pembelajaran ESP, konsideran mengenai keterampilan berbahasa yang diajarkan menjadi isu penting yang harus dipertimbangkan. Dalam konteks akademik dan profesi atau pekerjaan, fokus keterampilan cenderung berbeda antara bidang akademik dan profesi yang satu dengan yang lain. Ada  bidang akademik atau profesi yang memfokuskan dan mengutamakan keterampilan berbicara di satu sisi, tetapi ada juga bidang akademik  atau profesi yang dominan dengan keterampilan menulis.

Kemudian ciri fundamental tersebut, ESP juga memiliki variabel yang juga menunjukkan esensi lain dari ESP bila dibandingkan dengan GE atau ESL dan EFL. . Variabel-variabel tersebut misalnya a) ESP sebaiknya  menggunakan situasi pembelajaran khusus dan metode mengajar yang berbeda dengan Bahasa Inggris umum , b) ESP kelihatannya lebih sesuai dan cocok bagi pembelajar dewasa baik pada akademik tinggkat tinggi maupun profesi atau tempat kerja profesional, namun ESP mungkin juga dapat digunakan bagi pembelajar tingkat menengah, c) biasanya ESP dirancang dan didesain untuk mahasiswa dengan level tingkat menengah dan tinggi, namun demikian sebagian pembelajaran ESP juga memungkinkan untuk pembelajar tingkat pemula.

Dari uraian di atas, ada dua hal penting yang dapat ditarik sebagai kesimpulan. Pertama, karakteristik yang absolut dan fundamental.  Absolut dan  fundamental artinya ciri tersebut merupakan wajib dan harus ada dan digunakan dalam pengembangan pembelajaran ESP dan bersifat final dan tetap. Kedua, karakteristik yang bersifat optional atau lebih tepatnya dapat dikategorikan dengan menggunakan kata ’seharusnya’ atau kata atau frase  ” lebih baik atau lebih sesuai .” Artinya karakteristik tersebut masih dapat dirubah, dikembangkan dan atau disesuaikan sebagaian atau seluruhnya dalam pembelajaran ESP. Perubahan dan penyesuaian tersebut tergantung pada  konteks ESP itu sendiri .

[1] Paulina Robinson, English For Specific Purposes (Oxford: Pergamon Press, Ltd, 1990), p.5.

[2] Jo.Mc. Donough. ESP in Perspective A Practical Guide .  (London: Collin ELT, 1984), p.3.

[3] (Strevens,1988)  Kristen Gatehouse. Key Issues in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Curriculum Development oleh dalam Kristen Gatehouse dalam Kristen Gatehouse/http//www.khe-service.com/7/26/2009) p.1.

[4] Paulina.C. Robinson, ESP Today: A Practioner’s Guide . (New York: Prentice Hall. 1991). p. 2-3

[5] Evens-Dudley Tony dan  Maggie Jo st.John . Developments in ESP: A multi-disciplinary approach . (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1998), p.4-5 .

[6] Hoadley- Maidment, 1980  dalam McDonough. ESP in Perspectives: A Practical Guide . (London: Collin Educational Publishing,1984).p.38.

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